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- Energy potential of elephant grass broth as biomass for biogas productionPublication . da Silva, Guilherme Henrique; Renato, Natalia dos Santos; Coelho, Felipe Ferreira; Donato, Thiago Paiva; Otenio, Marcelo; Machado, Juarez; Delgado dos Reis, Alberto JoséABSTRACT: The growing demand for clean energy has highlighted plant biomass as a valuable alternative, supporting sustainable development goals. Elephant grass (EG) is a promising feedstock due to its adaptability to diverse soils and climates, high dry matter production, and substantial energy yield. This study aimed to evaluate and characterize six selected EG genotypes (BRS Capia & ccedil;u, T_23.1, T_23.2, T_41.2, T_47.1, and T_51.5) based on their broth productivity and energy yield. Analysis of the broth's yield and physicochemical properties revealed that the by-product extracted from the biomass had a high residual energy value. Additionally, extracting the broth reduces the grass's biomass moisture content, enhancing its calorific value and improving the bagasse quality for combustion in boilers, thus optimizing energy production. This study demonstrates that the promising EG genotypes T_47.1, T_41.2, and T_23.1 presented relevant energy values ranging from 4248.12 to 4304.06 kcal kg- 1 of bagasse and thus are suitable for energy production through direct combustion. The extracted broth is a valuable residual energy source that can be utilized industrially after anaerobic digestion. Future research should focus on the environmental and economic effectiveness of EG broth as an energy source from waste and its potential for biogas production.
- Biogas Production from the Anaerobic Co-Digestion of Elephant Grass Juice and CattleWastewater: Batch and Semi-Continuous Performance in Anaerobic ReactorsPublication . da Silva, Guilherme Henrique; Otenio, Marcelo; Reis, Alberto; Martins, Marcio; Borges, Alisson; Lopes, Tiago; Renato, NataliaABSTRACT: Considering the limited information available on the use of elephant grass juice (EGJ) as a liquid co-substrate, this study aimed to evaluate its feasibility and biogas production potential for anaerobic co-digestion with dairy cattle wastewater (DCW), focusing on substrate ratios and reactor operating conditions. Initially, batch tests were conducted at different temperatures to evaluate the effects of varying substrate mixture ratios (EGJ/DCW). In the reactor with 20% EGJ/80% DCW at 39 °C, a biogas volume of 414.35 mL was generated, which was considerably higher than that in the test at 25 °C, where 258.7 mL was generated over the 30-day experimental period. Greater efficiency in organic matter removal and other analyzed parameters was also observed under these conditions. The best configuration was selected for the semi-continuous tests. To this end, an Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) reactor was operated with hydraulic retention times of 10, 6, 2, and 1 d and volumetric organic loading rates of 2.06, 3.39, 10.40, and 20.70 kg VS m−3 d−1, respectively. Volatile solids were removed by 29–58%, with biogas yields ranging from 0.78 to 2.28 m3 m−3 d−1 and a maximum CH4 concentration of 72% (v/v). The co-digestion of the analyzed agricultural waste substrates proved to be a promising approach for bioenergy recovery. These results provide useful guidelines for optimizing co-digestion systems, improving reactor performance, and waste treatment processes.