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- Mineral prospectivity mapping for critical raw materials at the European scale with the CBA method [Resumo]Publication . Bertrand, Guillaume; Sadeghi, Martiya; De Oliveira, Daniel Pipa Soares; Tourlière, B.; Arvanitidis, Nikolaos; Gautneb, Håvard; Gloaguen, Eric; Törmänen, Tuomo; Reginiussen, Helge; Decree, Sophie; Pereira, Aurete; Quental, LídiaABSTRACT: This contribution presents pan-European prospectivity maps for lithium, cobalt, natural graphite, niobium, tantalum, phosphates and rare earth elements that were produced by the GeoERA FRAME project. These maps are based on the cell-based association (CBA) method, which was specifically developed for mineral prospectivity mapping at regional to continental scales. The purpose of this method is to address issues such as uncertainties in the location of cartographic objects and the need to consider geological contexts. Several options to calculate favourability scores were statistically tested and compared to improve the accuracy of the method and produce the final maps.
- Potential benefits and constraints of development of critical raw materials' production in the EU: analysis of selected case studiesPublication . Guzik, Katarzyna; Galos, Krzysztof; Kot-Niewiadomska, Alicja; Eerola, Toni; Eilu, Pasi; Carvalho, Jorge; Fernández-Naranjo, Francisco Javier; Arvidsson, Ronald; Arvanitidis, Nikolaos; Raaness, AgnesABSTRACT: Major benefits and constraints related to mineral extraction within the EU have been identified on the examples of selected critical raw materials’ deposits. Analyzed case studies include the following ore deposits: Myszków Mo-W-Cu (Poland), Juomasuo Au-Co (Finland), S. Pedro das Águias W-Sn (Portugal), Penouta Nb-Ta-Sn (Spain), Norra Kärr REEs (Sweden) and Trælen graphite (Norway). They represent different stages of development, from the early/grassroot exploration stage, through advanced exploration and active mining, up to reopening of abandoned mines, and refer to different problems and constraints related to the possibility of exploitation commencement. The multi-criteria analysis of the cases has included geological and economic factors as well as environmental, land use, social acceptance and infrastructure factors. These factors, in terms of cost and benefit analysis, have been considered at three levels: local, country and EU levels. The analyzed cases indicated the major obstacles that occur in different stages of deposit development and need to be overcome in order to enable a new deposit exploitation commencement. These are environmental (Juomasuo and Myszków), spatial (Juomasuo) as well as social constraints (Norra Kärr, Juomasuo). In the analyzed cases, the most important constraints related to future deposit extraction occur primarily at a local level, while some important benefits are identified mainly at the country and the EU levels. These major benefits are related to securing long-term supplies for the national industries and strategically important EU industry sectors.
- The role of EuroGeoSurveys’ Mineral Resources Expert Group in the European minerals contextPublication . de Oliveira, Daniel Pipa Soares; Stanley, G.; Schiellerup, Henrik; Pfleiderer, Sebastian; Solar, Slavko; Ponce Leao, Maria Teresa; Arvanitidis, NikolaosABSTRACT: Europe shows an inevitably growing and accelerating consumption of mineral commodities and the high import dependence of strategic and critical raw materials has a serious impact on the sustainability of the EU manufacturing industry. The European Commission has long recognized the challenge of sustainable supply of mineral raw materials and steps are implemented to try to deal with this. In this context, EuroGeoSurveys and its Mineral Resources Expert Group (MREG) serve as one of the contact points for the Commission. The MREG is a group of earth scientists, experts in Economic Geology that act under the umbrella body of EuroGeoSurveys. The group acts upon requests and queries received by member states and the European Commission and provides the best available mineral expertise and information based on the knowledge of member Geological Surveys, for policy, communication, public awareness and education purposes at European level.
- GeoERA Raw Materials Monograph : the past and the futurePublication . Wittenberg, Antje; de Oliveira, Daniel Pipa Soares; Flindt Jørgensen, Lisbeth; González, Javier; Heldal, Tom; Aasly, Kari Aslaksen; Deady, Eimear; Kumelj, Špela; Horvath, Zoltan; McGrath, Eoin; Ferreira, Maria João; Calabaça, Teresa; Arvanitidis, Nikolaos; Sadeghi, Martiya; Bertrand, Guillaume; Gloaguen, Eric; Decree, Sophie; Gautneb, Håvard; Törmänen, Tuomo; Reginiussen, Helge; Sievers, Henrike; Quental, Lídia; Pereira, Aurete; Medialdea, Teresa; Schiellerup, Henrik; Zananiri, Irene; Ferreira, Pedro Tavares; Somoza, Luis; Monteys, Xavier; Alcorn, Trevor; Marino, Egidio; Lobato, Ana Belén; Kuhn, Thomas; Nyberg, Johan; Malyuk, Boris; Magalhães, Vítor Hugo; Lunar, Rosario; Hein, J. R.; Cherkashov, Georgy; Brown, Teresa; Cassard, Daniel; Urvois, Marc; Pedersen, Mikael; Schjøth, Frands; Tulstrup, Jørgen; Eilu, Pasi; Hokka, Janne; Simoni, Mark; Carvalho, Jorge; Laskaridis, Kostas; Dedić, Željko; Habimana, Cyprien; Liinamaa-Dehls, AnneABSTRACT: GeoERA Minerals projects have produced data aimed at supporting Europe’s minerals sector and to assist the European Commission to realise its goals for raw materials. Data has been compiled on mineral occurrences and mineral provinces across Europe, in particular, areas with potential to host Critical Raw Materials. Anecdotal evidence from the minerals sector provides an indication of the likelihood of exploration leading to mine development. For every 1,000 mineral showings examined, only 100 may receive further exploration work and of those 100, only 10 may warrant more detailed sampling either through trenching, drilling or other means and of those 10 only 1 may proceed to an evaluation through a full feasibility study which itself has only 50% chance of being positive. Following this, any project for which a mine proposal is made must undergo a full evaluation and permitting by authorities including full public consultation. The proposal may or may not pass this scrutiny. In terms of a schedule, the generally accepted minimum time frame from discovery to production is 10 years and usually much more, up to 20 years.
- Prospectivity maps of critical raw materials in Europe : DELIVERABLE D3.5Publication . Bertrand, Guillaume; Sadeghi, Martiya; Arvanitidis, Nikolaos; de Oliveira, Daniel Pipa Soares; Gautneb, Håvard; Gloaguen, Eric; Törmänen, Tuomo; Reginiussen, Helge; Decree, Sophie; Pereira, Aurete; Quental, LídiaABSTRACT: The present report describes the mineral prospectivity maps that were produced by the work package (WP) 3 of the FRAME project. These prospectivity maps assess the favourability in Europe, at continental scale, for lithium, cobalt, natural graphite, phosphate, niobium, tantalum and rare earth elements. They are based on datasets produced by the FRAME project (WP4 for phosphate, WP5 for lithium, cobalt and graphite, and WP6 for niobium and tantalum) and by the former EURARE project for rare earth elements.