Browsing by Author "Ela, Erik"
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- Contribution of energy storage for large-scale integration of variable generationPublication . Estanqueiro, Ana; Ardal, Atle Rygg; O'Dwyer, Ciara; Flynn, Damian; Huertas-Hernando, Daniel; Lew, Debra; Gomez-Lázaro, E.; Carlini, Enrico Maria; Solvang, Eivind; Ela, Erik; Kiviluoma, Juha; Rodrigues, L.; Amelin, MikaelThe amount of wind power and other timevariable non-dispatchable renewable energy sources (VRES) such as photovoltaics (PV) is rapidly increasing in the world. Several power systems in Europe are already facing a very high penetration from variable renewables which is posing concerns on the operational stability limits that are being surpassed for extreme RES generation conditions. Most transmission system operators are defining VRES limits of penetration, thus, requiring the renewable energy excess to be curtailed, exported or stored. Energy storage may play a relevant role in maximizing the long term penetration of VRES if used as a technical mean to regulate the daily, weekly and annual profiles of variable generation (VG). This paper reviews the storage technologies that are available and may be used on a power system scale and performs a cost/benefit analysis discussing their advantages and disadvantages for the integration of fastgrowing renewables, such as wind power and PV.
- Design and operation of power systems with large amounts of wind power : Final report, Phase one 2006-08, IEA WIND Task 25Publication . Holttinen, Hannele; Meibom, Peter; Orths, Antje; Van Hulle, Frans; Lange, Bernhard; O'Malley, Mark; Smith, J. Charles; Estanqueiro, Ana; Ricardo, João; Ummels, Bart C.; Gomez, Emilio; Matos, M.; Soder, Lennart; Shakoor, Anser; Strbac, Goran; Tande, John O.; Pierik, Jan; Ela, Erik; Milligan, MichaelThere are already several power systems coping with large amounts of wind power. High penetration of wind power has impacts that have to be managed through proper plant interconnection, integration, transmission planning, and system and market operations. This report is a summary of case studies addressing concerns about the impact of wind power s variability and uncertainty on power system reliability and costs. The case studies summarized in this report are not easy to compare due to different methodology and data used, as well as different assumptions on the interconnection capacity available. Integration costs of wind power need to be compared to something, like the production costs or market value of wind power, or integration cost of other production forms. There is also benefit when adding wind power to power systems: it reduces the total operating costs and emissions as wind replaces fossil fuels. Several issues that impact on the amount of wind power that can be integrated have been identified. Large balancing areas and aggregation benefits of large areas help in reducing the variability and forecast errors of wind power as well as help in pooling more cost effective balancing resources. System operation and working electricity markets at less than day-ahead time scales help reduce forecast errors of wind power. Transmission is the key to aggregation benefits,electricity markets and larger balancing areas. From the investigated studies it follows that at wind penetrations of up to 20 % of gross demand (energy), system operating cost increases arising from wind variability and uncertainty amounted to about 1 4 /MWh. This is 10 % or less of the wholesale value of the wind energy.
- Energy storage for wind integration: hydropower and other contributionsPublication . Estanqueiro, Ana; Ardal, Atle Rygg; O'Dwyer, Ciara; Flynn, Damian; Huertas-Hernando, Daniel; Lew, Debra; Gomez-Lázaro, E.; Ela, Erik; Revuelta, Javier; Kiviluoma, Juha; Rodrigues, L.; Amelin, Mikael; Holttinen, HanneleThe amount of wind power and other timevariable non-dispatchable renewable energy sources (RES) is rapidly increasing in the world. A few power systems are already facing very high penetrations from variable renewables which can surpass the systems’ consumption during no-load periods, requiring the energy excess to be curtailed, exported or stored. The limitations of electric energy storage naturally lead to the selection of the well-known form of storing potential energy in reservoirs of reversible hydropower stations, although other technologies such as heat storage are also being used successfully. This paper reviews the storage technologies that are available and may be used on a power system scale and compares their advantages and disadvantages for the integration of fast-growing renewables, such as wind power, with a special focus on the role of pumped hydro storage.
- Impacts of large amounts of wind power on design and operation of power systems, results of IEA collaborationPublication . Holttinen, Hannele; Meibom, Peter; Orths, Antje; O'Malley, Mark; Ummels, Bart C.; Tande, John O.; Estanqueiro, Ana; Gomez, Emilio; Smith, J. Charles; Ela, ErikThere are a multitude of studies made and ongoing related to cost of wind integration. However, the results are not easy to compare. An international forum for exchange of knowledge of power system impacts of wind power has been formed under the IEA Implementing Agreement on Wind Energy. IEA WIND R&D Task 25 on "Design and Operation of Power Systems with Large Amounts of Wind Power" has produced a state-of-the-art report in October 2007, where the most relevant wind power grid integration studies are analysed especially regarding methodologies and input data. This paper summarises the results from 18 case studies with discussion on the differences in the methodology as well as issues that have been identified to impact the cost of wind integration.