Browsing by Author "Malyuk, Boris"
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- Europe’s Raw Materials Supply Chain: Front-End ConsiderationsPublication . Wittenberg, Antje; de Oliveira, Daniel Pipa Soares; Bide, Tom; Hollis, Julie; Nirgi, Siim; Žibret, Gorazd; Gautneb, Håvard; Sadeghi, Martiya; Domínguez, Rafael Navarro; Malyuk, BorisABSTRACT: Supply chains are linked for specific purpose and by something. Hence, the respective links of the chain must be hooked in the right place, sufficiently strong, and have to start somewhere. This chapter looks at the raw materials supply chain as the first link in a commodity supply, from the European Union (EU) perspective. Aspects of the raw material potential of critical or strategic mineral resources in Europe, its further exploration, and the concept of modifying factors are considered, and reporting systems of resources and reserves are described, underpinned by examples of mineral potentials in different regions of the EU. Thus, targeted exploration of raw materials, especially within the framework of national geological research, serves to support a sustainable and resilience supply chain. EU projects, such as GeoERA and Geological Service for EU, assist in shaping the tailor-made exploration programs fit for providing mineral data publicly available through EuroGeoSurveys’ European Geological Data Infrastructure. In the future, raw materials may be seen as global public goods required to address many challenges, from the climate crisis to geopolitical instability; therefore, the society could conceptualize them in a new way, from a dominant investment returns-oriented viewpoint to one linked to delivering global objectives.
- GeoERA Raw Materials Monograph : the past and the futurePublication . Wittenberg, Antje; de Oliveira, Daniel Pipa Soares; Flindt Jørgensen, Lisbeth; González, Javier; Heldal, Tom; Aasly, Kari Aslaksen; Deady, Eimear; Kumelj, Špela; Horvath, Zoltan; McGrath, Eoin; Ferreira, Maria João; Calabaça, Teresa; Arvanitidis, Nikolaos; Sadeghi, Martiya; Bertrand, Guillaume; Gloaguen, Eric; Decree, Sophie; Gautneb, Håvard; Törmänen, Tuomo; Reginiussen, Helge; Sievers, Henrike; Quental, Lídia; Pereira, Aurete; Medialdea, Teresa; Schiellerup, Henrik; Zananiri, Irene; Ferreira, Pedro Tavares; Somoza, Luis; Monteys, Xavier; Alcorn, Trevor; Marino, Egidio; Lobato, Ana Belén; Kuhn, Thomas; Nyberg, Johan; Malyuk, Boris; Magalhães, Vítor Hugo; Lunar, Rosario; Hein, J. R.; Cherkashov, Georgy; Brown, Teresa; Cassard, Daniel; Urvois, Marc; Pedersen, Mikael; Schjøth, Frands; Tulstrup, Jørgen; Eilu, Pasi; Hokka, Janne; Simoni, Mark; Carvalho, Jorge; Laskaridis, Kostas; Dedić, Željko; Habimana, Cyprien; Liinamaa-Dehls, AnneABSTRACT: GeoERA Minerals projects have produced data aimed at supporting Europe’s minerals sector and to assist the European Commission to realise its goals for raw materials. Data has been compiled on mineral occurrences and mineral provinces across Europe, in particular, areas with potential to host Critical Raw Materials. Anecdotal evidence from the minerals sector provides an indication of the likelihood of exploration leading to mine development. For every 1,000 mineral showings examined, only 100 may receive further exploration work and of those 100, only 10 may warrant more detailed sampling either through trenching, drilling or other means and of those 10 only 1 may proceed to an evaluation through a full feasibility study which itself has only 50% chance of being positive. Following this, any project for which a mine proposal is made must undergo a full evaluation and permitting by authorities including full public consultation. The proposal may or may not pass this scrutiny. In terms of a schedule, the generally accepted minimum time frame from discovery to production is 10 years and usually much more, up to 20 years.