Browsing by Author "Martins, Isabel M."
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- Avaliação estrutural do aço rápido M3/2 sinterizado através da tecnologia DMLSPublication . Esperto, Luís; Martins, Isabel M.; Santos, Mário J. G.O estudo da sinterização do pó de aço rápido M3/2 pela tecnologia DMLS baseou-se na utilização de diferentes parâmetros de processo e na optimização da respectiva distribuição granulométrica e densidade aparente. O material foi sinterizado em linha, área e volume utilizando uma distância entre linhas de varrimento constante (0.30mm), três velocidades de varrimento do laser (50, 150, 250mm/s) e duas potências de laser (154 and 180W). O aço rápido M3/2 foi utilizado tal qual e com diferentes adições de uma fracção fina do mesmo material de modo a aumentar a densidade aparente.
- Characterization of Cu2ZnSn(SSe)4 monograin powders by FE-SEMPublication . Neves, Filipe; Livramento, Vanessa; Martins, Isabel M.; Esperto, Luís; Santos, Mário J. G.; Correia, J.B.; Muska, K.; Holopainen, T.The design and synthesis of high-efficiency materials to convert solar to electrical energy is an increasingly important research field. Within the photovoltaic technologies, crystalline Si have an 80% share while the remaining 20% are mostly thin film solar cells based on Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)2 (CIGSSe) and CdTe [1,2].
- Characterization of Cu2ZnSn(SSe)4 monograin powders by FE-SEMPublication . Neves, Filipe; Livramento, Vanessa; Martins, Isabel M.; Esperto, Luís; Santos, Mário J. G.; Correia, J.B.; Muska, K.; Holopainen, T.The design and synthesis of high-efficiency materials to convert solar to electrical energy is an increasingly important research field. Within the photovoltaic technologies, crystalline Si have an 80% share while the remaining 20% are mostly thin film solar cells based on Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)2 (CIGSSe) and CdTe [1,2]. However,the cost, the abundance and the environmental impact of the elemental components cannot be neglected. For these reasons, Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS), Cu2ZnSnSe4 (CZTSe)and their solid solutions CZTSSe has attracted much attention recently since they can provide the development of cost competitive solar cells. The CZTS-based solar cells consist of earth abundant and relatively inexpensive elements and represent an environmentally friendly alternative compared to the above mentioned systems [3]. The energy conversion efficiency of the CZTS-based solar cells has increased from 0.66% in 1996 to 11.1% recently [4].
- In situ experiments with synchrotron high-energy x-rays of Ni-Ti alloys produced by powder metallurgyPublication . Neves, Filipe; Correia, J.B.; Martins, Isabel M.; Fernandes, F. M. Braz; Mahesh, K. K.; Stark, A.; Schell, N.The structural evolution that takes place during the homogenization heat treatments of powder metallurgical Ni-Ti- alloys was studied by in situ synchrotron diffraction. It is proposed to get a deeper understanding of this phenomenon by using different types of thermal/mechanical cycles.
- Metallurgical evaluation of laser sintered M3/2 HSS powderPublication . Martins, Isabel M.; Esperto, Luís; Domingues, Joaquim Resina; Santos, Mário J. G.Direct Metal Laser Sintering (DMLS) is one of the leading commercial rapid tooling (RT) technologies that produce 3D fully functional parts and tools directly from a CAD model. High Speed Steels (HSS) have the desired combination of hot hardness, wear resistance and toughness needed for applications such as cutting tools, special tools, inserts and dies that can be successfully developed in a near net shape by DMLS. This paper presents a study of DMLS of commercial water atomized M3/2 powder with different apparent densities. The effect of apparent density and DMLS process parameters on the surface morphologies and microstructure of laser sintered M3/2 powder was analysed and the optimum processing conditions to reduce balling effect were identified. Laser sintered M3/2 HSS with energy densities between 2.4 and 12 J/mm2 produced a coarse roughness (Rz) ranging from 135 to 234μm. The lowest roughness (65μm) was obtained with 36J/mm2, the highest laser energy density value used. The microstructure of laser sintered M3/2 HSS consisted of austenite, martensite and a fine carbide structure.
- Nonconventional production technologies for NiTi shape memory alloysPublication . Neves, Filipe; Fernandes, F. M. Braz; Martins, Isabel M.; Correia, J.B.; Oliveira, M.; Gaffet, E.; Wang, T. Y.; Lattemann, M.; Suffner, J.; Hahn, H.The development of new production technologies for NiTi Shape Memory Alloys (SMAs) is always challenging. Recently, we introduced two powder metallurgical (PM) processing routes involving mechanical activation of elemental powder mixtures and densification through extrusion or forging. Those processes were named Mechanically Activated Reactive Extrusion Synthesis (MARES) and Mechanically Activated Reactive FOrging Synthesis (MARFOS). Heat treatments were performed in order to adjust the B2-NiTi matrix composition, yielding a microstructure consisting of a homogeneous dispersion of Ni4Ti3 precipitates embedded in nanocrystalline B2-NiTi matrix. In the present study, we demonstrate the viability of those PM processes for producing NiTi SMAs. With insitu X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry it is shown that B2-NiTi matrix undergo a B2« R«B19 two-step phase transformation
- Role of ogyxen and nitrogen in mechanical alloying mechanism of Ni-Ti powder mixturesPublication . Neves, Filipe; Fernandes, F. M. Braz; Martins, Isabel M.; Correia, J.B.In this study, the critical milling behaviour of Ni-Ti powder mixtures was evaluated in relation to the effect of atmospheric gases, more specifically to oxygen and nitrogen. Within the experimental conditions used, it is shown that both gases play an important role in the alloying process and that not only oxygen gas reacts with the mechanically alloyed powders but also nitrogen. The most effective mixing occurred for the mixtures with the highest contaminant contents.