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Browsing UB - Capítulos de livros by Subject "Biorefinery"
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- Marginal soils for bioenergy production : How to identify these soils in Portugal?Publication . Abreu, Mariana; Reis, Alberto; Fernando, Ana LuisaABSTRACT: n the bioenergy/biorefineries sector, energy crops have achieved a relevant position as a feedstock for bio-based products, biofuels and bioenergy. To produce the energy crops, soils with low Indirect Land Use Change (ILUC) risk must be utilized, such as marginal/degraded/contaminated (MDC) soils. Locating these types of soils in any territory, region, or country is challenging. Several criteria, e.g. soil drainage, dryness, temperature, have been identified by the European Union, and allow to classify soils as marginal. Yet, the dispersed information makes the identification and selection of marginal soils a challenging process. Therefore, this study details the tools and baseline documents that can be used to identify marginal areas, presenting low ILUC risk for the cultivation of energy crops. The application of the methodology to Continental Portugal allowed to obtain a preliminary map that indicates available soils for the cultivation of energy crops.
- Microalgal biorefineriesPublication . Ferreira, Alice; Gouveia, LuisaABSTRACT: Microalgae-based bioproducts remain expensive mainly due to microalgae cultivation, harvesting, and downstream processing costs. Nonetheless, microalgae are a high potential source of several biofuels, biofertilizers, and bioproducts (e.g., carbohydrates, long-chain fatty acids, pigments, and proteins), which can provide important nutritional, cosmetical, pharmaceutical, and health benefits. In addition, they are able to perform wastewater bioremediation and carbon dioxide mitigation. This not only contributes to a more sustainable microalgae production, with environmental benefits, but also offers cost savings on the whole process. Hence, from these small cellular factories, a large source of compounds and products can be obtained, providing a real microalgal-based biorefinery. This type of approach is crucial for the full application and commercialization of microalgae in a large range of products and industries, with added benefits for bioeconomy and society in general. This chapter addresses the potential transformation of microalgal biomass into a wide range of marketable products, presenting examples of experimental microalgae-based biorefineries grown in an autotrophic mode at a laboratory scale.
- Production of Hemicellulosic Sugars from Residual Lignocellulosic Biomass in an Integrated Small-Scale Biorefinery: Techno-Economic and Life Cycle AssessmentsPublication . Lopes, Tiago; Duarte, Luís C.; Carvalheiro, Florbela; Cardona, Carlos A.; Gírio, FranciscoABSTRACT: Biorefineries design, as for other industries, usually target the economy of scale approach, maximizing processing capacities to achieve economic viability. However, the installation of large-scale biorefineries has some drawbacks, namely their high capital costs and the difficulty to assure a proper supply of biomass at regional level. Small-scale, self-sustainable, biorefineries can solve several of the challenges of their larger competitors and are also reported to expand environmental and social benefits, but several hurdles for their deployment still exist. This chapter describes a methodology for the implementation of an integrated small-scale self-sustainable biorefinery in a rural area, based on a design that takes advantage of the synergies of processing two types of feedstock (corn stover and swine manure). A detailed explanation for the process selection by performing a heuristic analysis, process simulation, mass and energy balances alongside with the techno-economic assessment of the biorefinery is provided. The full life cycle assessment (LCA) of producing xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) and ethanol from lignocellulosic residues, i.e. corn stover, under a biorefinery concept to be located in Portugal is also assessed.