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Separação de plásticos para reciclagem: uso de métodos mineiros
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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Resumo: Embora os plásticos sejam muito bons para utilizar, eles são maus
de reciclar porque são difíceis de separar entre si. Este trabalho tem por
objectivo estudar a influência da concentração de três agentes
molhantes/depressores (ácido tânico, saponina e lignosulfonato de sódio)
na flutuabilidade de seis plásticos e comparar a separação por flutuação por
espumas e por jigagem de cinco misturas de bi-componentes de plásticos:
PS/PMMA, PS/PET-S, PS/PET-D, PS/PVC-M e PS/PVC-D. Excluindo a
separação por flutuação da mistura PS/PMMA, a eficiência de separação
das cinco misturas pelos dois métodos foi superior a 70%. Para os dois
processos de separação a mistura PS/PVC conduziu aos melhores resultados,
obtendo-se máxima eficiência de separação para a flutuação (90,3%). A
separação gravítica por jigagem, embora dependa da diferença de densidade
dos plásticos, é fortemente condicionada pela forma das partículas.
Abstract: Although plastics are very good to use, they are bad to recycle because they are difficult to separate from each other. In this work the separation by jigging and froth flotation, methods widely used in the mineral processing, of five bi-component plastics mixtures (PS/PMMA, PS/PET-S, PS/PET-D, PS/PVC-M and PS/PVC-D) were performed. Also it was studied the influence of the wetting agents’ concentration on plastics floatability. Excluding the flotation separation of the PS/PMMA mixture, the separation efficiency of the five mixtures by the two methods was greater than 70%. For the two separation processes the PS/PVC mixture led to the best results, obtaining maximum separation efficiency for the froth flotation (90.3%). Gravity separation by jigging although depending on the difference of the plastics density is strongly conditioned by the shape of the particles.
Abstract: Although plastics are very good to use, they are bad to recycle because they are difficult to separate from each other. In this work the separation by jigging and froth flotation, methods widely used in the mineral processing, of five bi-component plastics mixtures (PS/PMMA, PS/PET-S, PS/PET-D, PS/PVC-M and PS/PVC-D) were performed. Also it was studied the influence of the wetting agents’ concentration on plastics floatability. Excluding the flotation separation of the PS/PMMA mixture, the separation efficiency of the five mixtures by the two methods was greater than 70%. For the two separation processes the PS/PVC mixture led to the best results, obtaining maximum separation efficiency for the froth flotation (90.3%). Gravity separation by jigging although depending on the difference of the plastics density is strongly conditioned by the shape of the particles.
Description
Keywords
Plásticos Flutuação por espumas Jigagem Plastics Froth flotation Jigging
Citation
Pita & Castilho 2020, ‘Separação de plásticos para reciclagem: uso de métodos mineiros’, Comunicações Geológicas, vol. 107, nº 1 (especial), pp. 129-132. https://doi.org/10.34637/94r2-6p22
Publisher
LNEG - Laboratório Nacional de Energia e Geologia