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Hydrometallurgical recovery of platinum-group metals from spent auto-catalysts: Focus on leaching and solvent extraction

2022-04Journal article Open access
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dc.contributor.authorPaiva, A. P.
dc.contributor.authorPiedras, Francisco Vega
dc.contributor.authorRodrigues, Pedro G.
dc.contributor.authorNogueira, Carlos
dc.date.accessioned2022-05-19T10:08:18Z
dc.date.available2022-05-19T10:08:18Z
dc.date.issued2022-04
dc.description.abstractABSTRACT: To ensure the supply of raw materials for products of extreme importance in strategic sectors, the recovery of critical metals from secondary sources becomes increasingly urgent. Platinum group metals (PGMs), being rare and very valuable, fall into this demand, and the catalytic converters that contain them are recognized as one of the main sources. Hydrometallurgical processes have been proposed as an alternative to pyrometallurgical ones, with leaching and separation by solvent extraction being core operations in this type of processing. This article investigates these two operations, seeking to optimize conditions and propose new arrangements to improve them. Two different catalyst samples were considered in the experimental work. Leaching was carried out involving concentrated HCl solutions (with H2O2 as oxidant) and low liquid/solid ratios, seeking to maximize PGMs recovery, guaranteeing their high concentration in leachates and minimizing aluminum co-dissolution. Cerium leaching was also followed since this is a rare-earth metal with potential interest. Temperature, HCl concentration, liquid/solid ratio (L/S), time and particle size factors were evaluated, and the optimized conditions found were 11.6 mol L-1 HCl, 1%vol H2O2, 60 C, L/S = 2 L kg(-1) and 3 h, leading to PGM yields of 90-98% Pt, 99% Pd and 70-96% Rh, and leachate compositions of 0.41-0.78 g L-1 Pt, 1.6 g L-1 Pd, 0.062-0.066 g L-1 Rh, depending on the catalyst sample.& nbsp;For solvent extraction (SX), several commercial extractants dissolved/diluted in toluene were checked, firstly with a model solution, and then applied to the real spent auto-catalyst (SAC) leachates produced in-situ. The overall results showed that the most promising SX systems among those tested were Cyanex (R) 471X and Cyphos (R) IL 101. Cyanex (R) 471X allowed the quantitative extraction of Pd(II) and Fe(III), but the latter was conveniently scrubbed by water prior to Pd(II) stripping by an acidic thiourea solution. Pt(IV) and Pd(II) extraction values by Cyphos (R) IL 101 were very encouraging, as only Fe(III) and Zn(II) were appreciably co-extracted, however, scrubbing of the contaminating metals, and Pd(II) and Pt(IV) stripping, did not work. Hence, investigation to find proper scrubbing/stripping agents for Cyphos (R) IL 101 SX system, to recover PGMs from recycled SACs, is further needed.pt_PT
dc.description.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionpt_PT
dc.identifier.citationPaiva, A.P... [et.al.] - Hydrometallurgical recovery of platinum-group metals from spent auto-catalysts: Focus on leaching and solvent extraction. In: Separation and Purification Technology, 2022, Vol. 286, article nº 120474pt_PT
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.seppur.2022.120474pt_PT
dc.identifier.eissn1873-3794
dc.identifier.issn1383-5866
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10400.9/3860
dc.language.isoengpt_PT
dc.peerreviewedyespt_PT
dc.publisherElsevierpt_PT
dc.relationLA/P/0056/2020pt_PT
dc.relationCenter of Chemistry and Biochemistry
dc.relationCentro de Química Estrutural
dc.relation.publisherversionhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2022.120474pt_PT
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/pt_PT
dc.subjectHydrometallurgypt_PT
dc.subjectRecyclingpt_PT
dc.subjectLeachingpt_PT
dc.subjectPlatinum-group metalspt_PT
dc.subjectSolvent extractionpt_PT
dc.titleHydrometallurgical recovery of platinum-group metals from spent auto-catalysts: Focus on leaching and solvent extractionpt_PT
dc.typejournal article
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.awardTitleCenter of Chemistry and Biochemistry
oaire.awardTitleCentro de Química Estrutural
oaire.awardURIinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/6817 - DCRRNI ID/UID%2FMulti%2F00612%2F2019/PT
oaire.awardURIinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/6817 - DCRRNI ID/UIDB%2F00100%2F2020/PT
oaire.awardURIinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/9471 - RIDTI/PTDC%2FBTA-BTA%2F29251%2F2017/PT
oaire.citation.titleSeparation and Purification Technologypt_PT
oaire.citation.volume286pt_PT
oaire.fundingStream6817 - DCRRNI ID
oaire.fundingStream6817 - DCRRNI ID
oaire.fundingStream9471 - RIDTI
person.familyNamePaiva
person.familyNameNogueira
person.givenNameAna Paula
person.givenNameCarlos
person.identifier.ciencia-idAB1D-468B-F3E9
person.identifier.ciencia-id011E-FCCD-4FA6
person.identifier.orcid0000-0003-3858-9386
person.identifier.orcid0000-0003-2949-5046
person.identifier.ridA-2064-2008
person.identifier.ridA-4926-2013
person.identifier.scopus-author-id7102683760
person.identifier.scopus-author-id7006686159
project.funder.identifierhttp://doi.org/10.13039/501100001871
project.funder.identifierhttp://doi.org/10.13039/501100001871
project.funder.identifierhttp://doi.org/10.13039/501100001871
project.funder.nameFundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
project.funder.nameFundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
project.funder.nameFundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
rcaap.rightsopenAccesspt_PT
rcaap.typearticlept_PT
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