Browsing by Author "Di Berardino, Santino"
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- An integrated approach to energy production and nutrient recovery through anaerobic digestion of Vetiveria zizanoidesPublication . Crocamo, Angelo; Di Berardino, Santino; Di Giovanni, Raffaele; Fabbricino, Massimiliano; Martins-Dias, SuseteThis paper reports on experimental results used to verify the applicability of Vetiveria zizanoides (VZ) as a virtuous energetic crop. VZ produces biogas through its anaerobic digestion, and its nutrient content can be recovered through reuse, after digestion, as an agricultural amendment. Biomethanation tests were conducted with fresh and pretreated VZ, and the results of these tests were compared with those from the anaerobic degradation of common garden grass. Specific methane production was found to be around 650 Nm3 per ton of total organic carbon (TOC) for Vetiveria zizanoides, and around 510 Nm3 per ton of TOC for common grass, with no significant improvement after thermal pretreatment. Germination tests conducted with the digested VZ showed that the produced digestate fulfills the requirements of a fertilizer.
- Anaerobic digestion experiment using Cynara Cardunculus L. StalksPublication . Oliveira, I. D. B.; Di Berardino, Santino; Gominho, Jorge; Duarte, E.
- Anaerobic digestion of a fish processing industry sludgePublication . Carvalho, L.; Di Berardino, Santino; Duarte, E.Due to the fact that all fish processing plants operating in Portugal send their sludge from the wastewater treatment process to landfill, and because it is a costly management policy, the aim of this work was to assess the potential use of this substrate for the production of biogas through the anaerobic process technology. Anaerobic digestion has long proven to be an efficient way for the production of a renewable fuel – Biogas - that can be used as a source of energy to produce electricity and heat. This renewable energy resource can be used to reduce the plant processing costs, reducing also the industry carbon footprint. So, the produced sludge becomes a valuable sub-product of the wastewater treatment process instead of being considered a waste, with disposal costs associated. In this study we performed mesophilic (35 ± 1°C) batch assays during 51 days. The inoculum used was from an anaerobic digester operating in a municipal WWTP, also at mesophilic conditions. The anaerobic digestion of the fish sludge produced 700 m3 of CH4/ton SV, which is a really promising result.
- Aplicação da digestão anaeróbia em pequena escala: PortoSantoPublication . Di Berardino, Santino
- Avaliação do potencial e impacto do biometano em PortugalPublication . Cabrita, Isabel; Silva, Luís; Di Berardino, Santino; Gírio, Francisco; Marques, Isabel PaulaABSTRACT: O PNAER 2020, D.R. 1ª Série Nº 70, de 10 de Abril 2013, identifica políticas e atividades necessárias implementar para garantir o cumprimento do plano nacional relativamente à promoção da utilização das fontes de energia renovável nos diferentes setores. Uma das áreas estratégicas a promover refere-se ao “Biometano”, apresentando como objetivo a avaliação do potencial do biometano em Portugal e suas aplicações alternativas em apoio à definição de regulamentação das especificações necessárias para a sua injeção na rede de gás natural (GN). Com esta avaliação prevê-se possibilitar a utilização de biometano para outros fins para além da produção de eletricidade. Recentemente publicada, a Diretiva 2014/94/UE do Parlamento Europeu e do Conselho de 22 de Outubro de 2014 estabelece princípios orientadores relativamente à criação de uma infraestrutura para combustíveis alternativos na Europa, a qual promove a existência de postos de abastecimento de combustíveis alternativos para o setor de transportes em que se inclui o biometano. Duas situações poderão ser consideradas: a introdução de biometano na atual rede de distribuição de gás natural (GN); a existência de uma rede de postos de abastecimento locais que utilizem biometano produzido localmente ou em locais mais remotos tirando partido da logística de distribuição de gás através de camiões cisterna implementada para o GN.
- Avaliação do potencial e impacto do biometano em Portugal: Sumário executivoPublication . Cabrita, Isabel; Silva, Luís; Di Berardino, Santino; Gírio, Francisco; Marques, Isabel Paula
- Biogas production from mediterranean crop silagesPublication . Carvalho, L.; Di Berardino, Santino; Duarte, E.Anaerobic digestion has proven to be an efficient way for the production of a renewable fuel. The aim of this work was to study the potential use of two crop silages, yellow lupine (Lupinus luteus L.) and oilseed radish (Raphanus sativus var. oleifera cv. Pegletta), for the production of biogas through the process of anaerobic digestion. The use of yellow lupine was due to its capacity for nitrogen fixation, reducing the fertilization needs for the succeeding crop cycle and reducing also the GHG emissions due to the fertilizer production and its field application. The utilization of the oilseed radish was due to its root exudates with nematicide effect, reducing the needs for soil disinfection, working as a biological weapon and also due to the effect on soil compaction of its large roots, working as a bio-driller. The yellow lupine gave rise to 400 m3 of CH4.t-1 VS and the oilseed radish silage produced approximately 300 m3 of CH4.t-1 VS, proving to be good anaerobic substrates. The inoculum used for the batch digesters was sludge from an anaerobic digester of a WWTP.
- Co-digestion of tanning residues and sludgePublication . Di Berardino, Santino; Martinho, AlcinoCodigestion experiments on sludge from tanneries’ industrial wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) mixed with chromium free (“green”) tanneries solid wastes were carried-out in a 15 m3 pilot plant reactor, operating at 20 days hydraulic retention time (HRT) and at mesophilic temperature (35 ºC). The goal was to evaluate the feasibility of a full-scale unit. Addition of “green” solid wastes improved biodegradability of the sludge and biogas production. The removal efficiencies of organic matter varied, according to the feedstock mixture. Averaged results are: COD and VS more than 55 %; TOC = 69 %. Hydrolysis of suspended volatile solids was initially moderate (36 %), but increased up to about 50 %, when the feedstock contained proteolytic enzymes. Fat removal was quite high (77 %). Biogas production was highly dependent from the fleshing content in the feedstock. Addition of 30 % by weight of fleshing to the sludge increased 4 times the average biogas production (from 3,85 m3/day to 14,62 m3/day). The maximum Biogas production rate was 38 liter/kg of feedstock. Fleshing biogas yield was found to be 630 l/kg Volatile Solids loaded, higher than the value recorded for the sludge (288 l/kg Volatile Solids loaded). Methane content in biogas was about 75 % CH4. The average biogas productivity of the reactor was 1.49 l/l/day. Sulphate removal carried-out by the biologic community (SO4 = ≥ 35%) increased Hydrogen sulphide concentration in the biogas up to 1800 ppm (average), a value higher than the limits allowed for use in internal combustion engines. Grinding and maceration of fleshing was hard, due to smell, repugnant look and high strength of its components. This feedstock must be pre-treated in order to avoid excess hydrogen sulphide and lime. Codigestion of “green” tannery wastes with sludge and others residues revealed technically feasible and a low cost solution for the environmental problem of these residues from small/average tanning factories. The potential biogas production for full scale plant is about 11 000 m3/day, making this solution refundable within 5 years. Codigestion allows substantial reduction in bio solids volume, pathogens, and odor, increasing landfill life. This is an important evolution on current solution and gives time to plan and implement new sustainable projects.
- Combined biologic removal of sulphate for tanning industrial wastewatersPublication . Di Berardino, SantinoA biologic pretreatment technology of mixed tanneries wastewater, suitable for sulphate-rich industrial wastewaters, has been studied, in order to eliminate chemical precipitation and improve removal efficiency of the relevant pollutants. It couples an anaerobic reactor with an aerobic sulphide oxidant (ASO) step, where H2S2 is partially oxidized to elemental sulphur, and includes a recirculation system. The proposed solution provided Methanogenic Archae (MA) and Sulphate Reducing Bacteria (SRB) coexistence and controlled inhibition by partial oxidation of hydrogen sulphide.. The removal effiency of the anaerobic reactor was quite dependent on temperature and hydaulic retention time (HRT). COD removal varied between 32-68 % and sulphate removal (20-60%), referred to the mixture of the industrial effluent diluted with 50% of recirculation, at an Organic Load (OL) ranging from 0.5 to 1.5 kg CODM³ d⁻¹ and HRT from 1 to 5 days. The entire biologic pretreatment (AHF+ASO) resulted much more efficient and COD removal increased to 64-82% being less dependent on temperature variations. This process removed also a significant part (85%) of Chromium (Cr⁺³), by sorption into the biologic sludge. This two step biologic pretreatment, ensured better removal of relevant parameters than conventional chemical precipitation, avoided addition of chemical products, minimized excess sludge production, and also removed hydrogen sukphide and sulphate, resulting in a favorable alternative solution. The effluent from this stage was submitted to a sequencing batch nitrification/denitrification step, to improve the removal of the relevenat parameters. The average removal efficiency of entire process was appreciable and better than the conventional solution: COD = 88%, Sulphate = 68% and Nitrogen (kjeldahl) = 92%, chromium (Cr⁺³=96%). However, the presence of non degradable organic compounds delivered in the effluent from syntetic tanning, were hard to remove completely and did not allow fulfilling the severe standards for wastewater discharge in water course in terms of COD, Nitrogen (kjeldahl) and color. This requires and additional polishing step
- Digestão anaeróbica em Porto SantoPublication . Di Berardino, Santino
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