Browsing by Author "Salas-Colera, Eduardo"
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- An insight into the firing conditions of Chinese blue-and-white porcelain through XANESPublication . Coutinho, ML; Veiga, JP; Ruivo, Andreia; Silva, Teresa; Salas-Colera, Eduardo; Bottura Scardina, Silvia; Lima, Augusta; Figueiredo, Elin; Cotte, Marine; Lima, M.M.R.A.ABSTRACT: Chinese blue-and-white porcelain is found in archaeological excavations worldwide, being significant evidence of global trade routes and cultural exchange. Synchrotron radiation-based techniques have been applied for studying cobalt speciation to establish a correlation between the cobalt and iron oxidation state and local coordination environment in the rich blue shades of Chinese blue-and-white porcelain. However, the relationship between the firing atmosphere conditions and the speciation of cobalt has not been established yet. In this study, underglaze blue models were produced and fired in air or under reducing atmospheres to ascertain the effect of the firing atmosphere in cobalt and iron speciation. The experimental results were compared with data obtained on historical samples of ancient porcelain shards. The microstructure and colour of the produced underglaze blue models were investigated by variable pressure scanning electron microscopy (VP-SEM-EDS), using a hyperspectral imaging camera (Vis-SWIR reflectance spectroscopy) and colorimetry. The formal valence and coordination of cobalt and iron ions of the glaze were determined by X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), particularly X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), using synchrotron radiation. Spectral features demonstrated that both cobalt and iron speciation were affected by the firing atmosphere and therefore could be used to ascertain the firing atmosphere.
- Co and Cu K-edge XANES study of the glazed tiles from the Fronteira Palace (Lisbon, Portugal) [Poster]Publication . Coutinho, ML; Silva, Teresa; Figueiredo, Elin; Rolim, M.; Salas-Colera, Eduardo; Veiga, JPABSTRACT: The Fronteira Palace located in Lisbon was built during the second half of the seventeenth century. The Palace is known for its unique azulejos (Portuguese glazed tiles) dated from the 17th and 18th century which were profusely used both in the interior of the palace and on its magnificent formal gardens. The gardens have a unique cladding of high relief lustre tiles combined with blue-and-white tiles adorning the Gallery of the Kings (Figure 1). Samples of azulejos from Gallery of the Kings, were characterized in a previous work by PIXE. They display a silica alkali-lead glass or silica alkali glass and chromophores based on Co for the blue colouring and Cu for the red-lustre effect . In fact, the analyses showed that the colourless glaze has a lead-alkali silicate composition and a copper-rich lustre overlay, in agreement with the Manise lustreware production (Spain) after the XVII century. To achieve a comparison between manufacturing techniques and pigments used samples were characterized using X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy. XANES techniques can provide information on the structural behaviour of transition metals in the vitreous matrix - namely, their bonding state and coordination environment, providing relevant information regarding the Co and Cu as chromophores.
- Contribution to the Understanding of the Colour Change in Bluish-Grey LimestonesPublication . Silva, Teresa; De Oliveira, Daniel Pipa Soares; Veiga, JP; Lisboa, Jose; Carvalho, Jorge; Barreiros, M. Alexandra; Coutinho, ML; Salas-Colera, Eduardo; Vigário, RogérioABSTRACT: Bluish-grey limestones have been extensively used as ornamental stones for decoration purposes in buildings, as well as in works of art, and accordingly, have been the target of intense exploration. In Portugal, the Jurassic limestone massif known as the Macico Calcario Estremenho (MCE), has been the source of grey-coloured ornamental stones, namely the Azul Valverde (one of the most well-known bluish-grey limestones) and Atlantic Blue varieties, both of which may undergo colour changes in outdoor environments. In this sense, it is important to understand the sudden colour change from bluish-grey to yellow/beige in the same limestone block in a quarry, or even, what happens to the colour when polished limestone is placed outdoors. This study was undertaken using various techniques, namely XRF (X-ray fluorescence spectrometry), XRD (X-ray diffraction), SEM (scanning electron microscopy), DTA-TG (differential thermal analysis/thermogravimetry) and colourimetry. Synchrotron radiation was also used at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF, Grenoble, France) where XANES (X-ray Absorption Near Edge Structure) spectra at Fe K-edge were collected to ascertain the speciation state of Fe in different coloured zones of the limestone, previously checked by EDXRF (energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence). The presence of Fe2+ and Fe3+ are responsible for the greyish and yellow/brown colour, respectively. On the other hand, the UV radiation from the sun causes a quickened and severe bleaching/fading on the dark blue/grey polished limestone.
- Selénio retido por minerais das fumarolas vulcânicas na Ilha do Fogo (Cabo Verde)Publication . Silva, Teresa; de Oliveira, Daniel Pipa Soares; Veiga, JP; Ávila, Paula Freire; Candeias, Carla; Salas-Colera, Eduardo; Caldeira, Rita
- Selenium in wastes from the old mine of São Domingos in southern Portugal (IPB) : already attached to oxygen or retained in relics of former chalcogenide minerals?Publication . Figueiredo, M. Ondina; Silva, Teresa; Veiga, JP; Batista, Maria Joao; Salas-Colera, Eduardo; de Oliveira, Daniel Pipa Soares
- Selenium speciation in waste materials from an exhausted Iberian Pyrite Belt minePublication . Figueiredo, M. Ondina; Silva, Teresa; Veiga, JP; Batista, Maria Joao; Salas-Colera, Eduardo; de Oliveira, Daniel Pipa SoaresSelenium is an essential nutrient for humans, animals and microorganisms, but it becomes toxic at concentrations slightly above the nutritional levels. This naturally occurring trace element can be released to the environment from various anthropogenic sources such as mining, agricultural, petrochemical and industrial processes and its toxicity is developed along a complex cycle involving adsorption by soil components and subsequent accumulation by plants. In the environment, selenium can occur in several oxidation states ranging from selenide (Se=) to elemental selenium (Se0), selenite (Se4+) and selenate (Se6+). Selenium contents above 900 ppm were recently assigned in mine wastes from the sulphur factory at the São Domingos exhausted pyrite mine exploited in the Iberian Pyrite Belt (south Portugal) since Roman times until 1966. Aiming at a sustainable remediation of this mining site, an X-ray absorption spectroscopy study using synchrotron radiation, combined with X-ray diffraction, was undertaken to clarify the speciation state of selenium and the nature of Se-carrier phase(s). The results show that selenium does not significantly replace sulphur under the form of selenate in the dominant sulphate phases and occasionally remains as a substituting selenide anion in debris of the original sulphides present in the mine waste materials.
- The recovery of scarce critical metals in environmental treatments of mining residues : rhenium in Panasqueira tungsten mine tailingsPublication . Figueiredo, M. Ondina; Silva, Teresa; Veiga, JP; Batista, Maria Joao; Salas-Colera, Eduardo; de Oliveira, Daniel Pipa Soares
- Towards a sustainable recovery of valuable metals from mining residues : a XANES approach to tungsten speciation in debris from the Panasqueira minePublication . Figueiredo, M. Ondina; Silva, Teresa; de Oliveira, Daniel Pipa Soares; Veiga, JP; Salas-Colera, Eduardo; Batista, Maria Joao
- A XANES approach to the blue pigments in ceramic heritage [Resumo]Publication . Coutinho, ML; Veiga, JP; Ruivo, Andreia; Silva, Teresa; Salas-Colera, Eduardo; Bottura Scardina, Silvia; Lima, Augusta; Figueiredo, Elin; Cotte, Marine; Lima, M.M.R.A.
- A XANES study of the Sn K-edge in slag by-products from tin smelting experiments [Poster]Publication . Figueiredo, Elin; Coutinho, ML; Silva, Teresa; Salas-Colera, Eduardo; Veiga, JPABSTRACT: Tin was a very important alloying element in Western Europe in the production of bronze (Cu-Sn alloy) since the second millennium BC (Bronze Age), when most metallic artefacts were made of this alloy. Smelting experiments using cassiterite collected in the NW Iberian territory were made to produce tin in a very simple and small scale manner, using a small open pit structure to reproduce what could have been the manufacturing process of tin in prehistoric times. Chemical and structural analysis of the products by XRF, SEM-EDS and XRD were made to achieve a detailed knowledge of the characteristics of the materials. Additionally, an X-ray absorption near-edge structure region (XANES) study was performed on three types of slags previously identified (Type 1, Type 2 and Type 3) to obtain information on the oxidation state of Sn. The analyses were made at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF) at the beamline SpLine BM 25A (5-45 keV).