Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2022-07"
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- Pan-European geological data, information, and knowledge for a resilient, sustainable, and collaborative futurePublication . Hollis, Julie; Bricker, Stephanie; Čápová, Dana; Hinsby, Klaus; Krenmayr, Hans-Georg; Negrel, Phillippe; de Oliveira, Daniel Pipa Soares; Poyiadji, Eleftheria; van Gessel, Serge; van Heteren, Sytze; Venvik, GuriABSTRACT: Many fields of research relevant to climate-change-related policy are grounded in geological sciences – far more than is generally recognised by the public or policy makers. These fields include management of marine environments, urban development, groundwater, landslide risk, understanding the geochemistry of soils and water, and securing raw materials. Through the concerted collaborative efforts, over many years, of EuroGeoSurveys – the Geological Surveys of Europe – national datasets bearing on these and other areas have been harmonised at European scale and delivered through an online digital platform, the European Geological Data Infrastructure. This vast store of baseline data, information, and knowledge is crucial for informed pan-European decision making and is considered the core of a future Geological Service for Europe.
- A XANES approach to the blue pigments in ceramic heritage [Resumo]Publication . Coutinho, ML; Veiga, JP; Ruivo, Andreia; Silva, Teresa; Salas-Colera, Eduardo; Bottura Scardina, Silvia; Lima, Augusta; Figueiredo, Elin; Cotte, Marine; Lima, M.M.R.A.
- Lipid and carotenoid production by a Rhodosporidium toruloides and Tetradesmus obliquus mixed culture using primary brewery wastewater supplemented with sugarcane molasses and ureaPublication . Dias, Carla; Nobre, B. P.; Santos, J. A. L.; Reis, Alberto; Silva, Teresa Lopes daABSTRACT: In this study, Rhodosporidium toruloides and Tetradesmus obliquus were used for lipid and carotenoid production in mixed cultures using primary brewery wastewater (PBWW) as a culture medium, supplemented with sugarcane molasses (SCM) as a carbon source and urea as a nitrogen source. To improve biomass, lipid, and carotenoid production by R. toruloides and T obliquus mixed cultures, initial SCM concentrations ranging from 10 to 280 g L-1 were tested. The medium that allowed higher lipid content (26.2% w/w dry cell weight (DCW)) and higher carotenoid productivity (10.47 mu g L-1 h(-1)) was the PBWW medium supplemented with 100 g L-1 of SCM and 2 g L-1 of urea, which was further used in the fed-batch mixed cultivation performed in a 7-L bioreactor. A maximum biomass concentration of 58.6 g L-1 and maximum lipid content of 31.2% w/w DCW were obtained in the fed-batch cultivation. PBWW supplemented with SCM was successfully used as a low-cost medium to produce lipids and carotenoids in a R. toruloides and T obliquus mixed culture, with higher productivities than in pure cultures, which can significantly reduce the cost of the biofuels obtained.
- Wine Microbial Consortium: Seasonal Sources and Vectors Linking Vineyard and Winery EnvironmentsPublication . Camilo, Sofia; Chandra, Mahesh; Branco, Patricia; Malfeito-Ferreira, ManuelABSTRACT: Winemaking involves a wide diversity of microorganisms with different roles in the process. The wine microbial consortium (WMC) includes yeasts, lactic acid bacteria and acetic acid bacteria with different implications regarding wine quality. Despite this technological importance, their origin, prevalence, and routes of dissemination from the environment into the winery have not yet been fully unraveled. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the WMC diversity and incidence associated with vineyard environments to understand how wine microorganisms overwinter and enter the winery during harvest. Soils, tree and vine barks, insects, vine leaves, grapes, grape musts, and winery equipment were sampled along four seasons. The isolation protocol included: (a) culture-dependent microbial recovery; (b) phenotypical screening to select fermenting yeasts, lactic acid, and acetic acid bacteria; and (c) molecular identification. The results showed that during all seasons, only 11.4% of the 1424 isolates presumably belonged to the WMC. The increase in WMC recovery along the year was mostly due to an increase in the number of sampled sources. Acetic acid bacteria (Acetobacter spp., Gluconobacter spp., Gluconoacetobacter spp.) were mostly recovered from soils during winter while spoilage lactic acid bacteria (Leuconostoc mesenteroides and Lactobacillus kunkeii) were only recovered from insects during veraison and harvest. The fermenting yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae was only isolated from fermented juice and winery equipment. The spoilage yeast Zygosaccharomyces bailii was only recovered from fermented juice. The single species bridging both vineyard and winery environments was the yeast Hanseniaspora uvarum, isolated from insects, rot grapes and grape juice during harvest. Therefore, this species appears to be the best surrogate to study the dissemination of the WMC from vineyard into the winery. Moreover, the obtained results do not evidence the hypothesis of a perennial terroir-dependent WMC given the scarcity of their constituents in the vineyard environment along the year and the importance of insect dissemination.
- Study of the degradation of Nafion modified membranesPublication . Teixeira, Fatima; Teixeira, António P. S.; Rangel, C. M.ABSTRACT: The development of new proton exchange membranes for PEM technology in fuel cells and electrolysers with increased durability is paramount to system´s lifetime and scalability. In this work, new modified Nafion membranes are proposed with increased resilience to chemical degradation by H2O2 /Fe2+, mimicking ex-situ radical attack to membrane structure.
- High cellulase-free xylanases production by Moesziomyces aphidis using low-cost carbon and nitrogen sourcesPublication . Faria, Nuno Torres; Marques, Susana; Cerejo, Joana; Vorobieva, Ekaterina; Fonseca, CésarABSTRACT: Background Enzymes involved in xylan hydrolysis have several industrial applications. Selection of efficient microbial hosts and scalable bioreaction operations can lower enzyme production costs and contribute to their commercial deployment. This work aims at investigating the Moesziomyces aphidis yeast cultivation conditions that deliver maximal xylanase titres, yields and productivities using low-cost nitrogen (N) and carbon (C) sources. Results NaNO3 and KNO3 supplementation improved xylanase production 2.9- and 2.7-fold (against 67.2 U mL(-1)), respectively, using xylan as C source. Interestingly, the use of KNO3, instead of NaNO3, results in 2- to 3-fold higher specific activity, highlighting the potassium ion role. In addition, this study investigates synergetic effects on using ionic and organic N sources. A 4.9-fold increase in xylanase production, with high specific activity, is attained combining KNO3 and corn steep liquor (CSL). Exploring the previous findings, this study reports one of the highest extracellular xylanase production titres (864.7 U mL(-1)) by yeasts, using a media formulation containing dilute-acid pre-treated brewery spent grains (BSG), as C source and inducer, supplemented with KNO3 and CSL. Replacement of dilute-acid pre-treatmed BSG by untreated BSG had low impact on xylanase production, of only 6%. Conclusion Efficient production of M. aphidis xylanolytic enzymes, using low-cost N and C sources, is attractive for deployment of on-site enzyme production targeting different biotechnological applications under circular economy and biorefinery concepts. Potential xylanases end-users include industries such as brewing (using BSG as substrate for enzyme production), pulp and paper (benefiting from the cellulase-free xylanase activity) or lignocellulosic ethanol (for cellulase supplementation).
- Relatório Palinológico I : Cenozoico Folha 3Publication . Mendes, Márcia; Pereira, Zélia
- Green energy harvesting: state of the artPublication . Neves, FilipeABSTRACT: Green energy harvesting aims to supply electricity to electric or electronic systems from an energy source present in the environment (e.g., thermal energy (thermoelectricity)) without grid connection or utilisation of batteries. Almost all manufacturing processes ranging from steel to food production generate heat (the so called “waste heat”), as do all machines from jet engines to microprocessors. The possibility of using a thermoelectric (TE) device to capture and to directly convert this waste heat into electric power is a very attractive and valuable approach to improve the overall energy efficiency and, thus, promotes a sustainable future.
- System impact studies for near 100% renewable energy systems dominated by inverter based variable generationPublication . Holttinen, Hannele; Kiviluoma, Juha; Flynn, Damian; Smith, J. Charles; Orths, Antje; Eriksen, Peter Børre; Cutululis, Nicolaos Antonio; Söder, Lennart; Korpås, Magnus; Estanqueiro, Ana; MacDowell, Jason; Tuohy, Aidan; Vrana, Til Kristian; O'Malley, MarkABSTRACT: The demand for low carbon energy calls for close to 100% renewable power systems, with decarbonization of other energy sectors adding to the anticipated paradigm shift. Rising levels of variable inverter-based renewable energy sources (VIBRES) are prompting questions about how such systems will be planned and operated when variable renewable generation becomes the dominant technology. Here, we examine the implications of this paradigm shift with respect to planning, operation and system stability, also addressing the need for integration with other energy vectors, including heat, transport and Power-to-X. We highlight the knowledge gaps and provide recommendations for improved methods and models needed as power systems transform towards 100% VIBRES.
- H2 developments Portugal [Comunicação oral]Publication . Simoes, Sofia