GF - Comunicações em actas de encontros científicos internacionais
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- Looking for earthquake sources in the Lisbon areaPublication . Carvalho, João P. F.; Pinto, Carlos C.; Costa, M.; Rabeh, TahaThe Lisbon and surrounding areas have suffered the effect of historical earthquakes that caused important damages and loss of lives. Some of these earthquake sources are local but they are still poorly known. The knowledge of these sources is important for seismic hazard studies. The use of geophysical methods in the area is required due to the difficulty in finding geological outcrops, together with low-slip rates and erosion/sedimentation processes that erase surface ruptures. Furthermore, most of earthquake occurs at great depth, emphasizing the need for the application of the latter methods. In this paper we present a revised structural interpretation of the area using newly reprocessed and reinterpreted seismic reflection and potential-field data, relocated epicentres, geological outcrop and well data. This interpretation differs in some aspects from previous ones. Well known active faults zones like the Azambuja fault and the Pinhal Novo-Setúbal fault have new interpretations, while other previously unknown structures, like the Ota-V. F. de Xira-Lisbon-Sesimbra fault zone, for example, have been interpreted. These studies, together with shallow geophysical data, which has been and will be acquired over selected targets from this work, will constitute na improvement to the seismic hazard evaluation of the area.
- Improving the seismic hazard evaluation of the Lisbon and Lower Tagus Valley areaPublication . Carvalho, João P. F.; Pinto, Carlos C.; Costa, M.; Heleno, S.; Silva, M.; Rabeh, Taha; Cooksley, G.; Carrilho, F.The Lisbon and surrounding area of the Lower Tagus Valley has experienced in the past the effects of several moderate sized earthquakes that caused significant damage and destruction. They have been attributed to local sources, though in some cases the source remains to be located. The lack of outcrops in the flat lying Quaternary terrains, the low slip-rates of the area in connection with sedimentation and erosion rates that erase surface ruptures are among the causes of a poor association between faults and seismicty, which has opened way to geophysical studies. Seismic, potential-field and seismicity data have been recently used to improve the seismic hazard evaluation of the area. In this work we complement these studies with DTM and PSInSAR data with the purpose of obtaining an accurate evaluation of the seismic hazard of the study area. The correlation of improved epicentre locations with major fault zones located from the above mentioned data shows that we have progressed in the understanding of the earthquake sources in the region. Some structures show no apparent relationship with present-day seismicity but some are known to be active into the Quaternary. Further geophysical and geological studies are required to understand the causes.
- A soil classification for seismic hazard assessment and mitigation of the AlgarvePublication . Carvalho, João P. F.; Dias, Ruben Pereira; Pinto, Carlos C.; Leote, Jaime; Victor, L. MendesThe Algarve province of Portugal is located near the E-W Eurasia-Africa plate boundary. It is characterized by a moderate seismicity, with some important historical earthquakes causing important damage and economical losses. Not only has it suffered the effects of large plate boundary events but also the impact of local onshore moderate-sized earthquake sources. The seismic hazard evaluation and mitigation of the area is therefore of great importance to the local populations and the large number of tourists that frequent the region. This paper focuses the evaluation of the most interesting and useful geotechnical near-surface parameters and a soil classification. The classification based upon the European Code 8 for civil engineering and SPT bedrock data, was carried out for land use planning and design of critical facilities. P-wave and S-wave seismic velocities were obtained through the acquisition, processing and interpretation refraction profiles. Hundreds of SPT parameters from available boreholes drilled for engineering and water supply were used and subsoil classification based on geophysical and geotechnical parameters is presented. Other parameters, such as Vp/Vs ratios and the Poisson coefficient were estimated and were computed to provide information for future site effect studies. The experimental procedure tested here is relatively fast, economical and easy to perform and can be useful to estimate soil microzoning and seismic hazard mapping in the absence of local earthquake records.
- Heat Flow Density Estimations in the Portuguese Northern Hercynian Massif using Silica GeothermometryPublication . Correia, Antonio; Ramalho, ElsaABSTRACT: Surface heat flow density (HFD) estimates in the Portuguese northern Hercynian Massif are difficult to obtain using the usual Fourier method. As a matter of fact, this zone is mostly composed by granitoid and metamorphic rocks, and most wells drilled there are too shallow for reliable HFD calculations; furthermore, HFD estimates are scarce and their geographical distribution is still very irregular. All these conditions imply that a HFD map for this region must be obtained using alternative methods, such as the silica geothermometry method. Under certain conditions, the use of silica geothermometers to estimate HFD in mineral waters has proved to be an effective way to understand and establish the thermal regime in areas with scarce conventional HFD determinations. Because temperatures obtained with silica geothermometry are related to deep thermal conditions in the crust and to water-rock equilibrium, a regional HFD analysis may be carried out using those temperatures. The silica geothermometer, developed by Truesdell in 1976 (Truesdell, 1976), give good results for low SiO2 concentrations, which is the case for the Portuguese northern Hercynian Massif, and is applied to more than 30 samples of mineral water occurrences reported for the zone. This number of samples, even though small, is considerably higher and more evenly distributed than conventional HFD estimates for the same area. Application of silica geothermometry to northern Hercynian Massif waters shows a discrete reservoir temperature zoning, ranging from about 45 ºC, in its southwest limit, to more than 120 ºC, towards its northeast limit. Using temperatures obtained by silica geothermometry and heat flow density values calculated through the conventional method in an area of 1º x 1º in the study zone, an empirical linear relationship between HFD and temperatures obtained by silica geothermometry is obtained and used to construct a HFD map for the Portuguese northern Hercynian Massif. The resulting HFD map is compared with the general geological and structural framework, and an attempt to a geothermal characterisation of the Portuguese northern Hercynian Massif is made.
- Characterization of a concealed fault zone using P and S-wave seismic reflection dataPublication . Carvalho, João P. F.; Ghose, R.; Pinto, Carlos C.; Borges, José Fernando
- Seismogenic sources in the Lower Tagus Area using geophysical dataPublication . Pinto, Carlos C.; Carvalho, João P. F.; Costa, M.; Catrapona, Afonso; Rabeh, Taha; Terrinha, Pedro; Duarte, Henrique; Borges, José Fernando; Caldeira, Bento; Cabral, João
- Integration of seismic, well, potential-field and geological data for ore prospecting in the Iberian Pyrite BeltPublication . Carvalho, João; Sousa, Pedro; Matos, João Xavier; Pinto, Carlos C.Ore prospecting using gravimetric and magnetic data has become one of the traditional approaches in the last decades, often complemented with electric and electromagnetic methods. However, due to the problem of non-uniqueness inherent to potential-filed modelling, constrains provided by structural methods such as seismic reflection are often used. During the exploration of massive sulphide polimetallic minerals in the Iberian Pyrite Belt Figueira de Cavaleiros sector, located in the Sado Tertiary Basin, several gravimetric and magnetic anomalies were considered as interesting targets. In order to reduce ambiguity of the gravimetric modelling and to confirm the geological model of the area, two seismic reflection profiles were acquired. The interpretation of these profiles was assisted by three mechanical boreholes, two of them located in the research area, in order to make a seismostratigraphic interpretation. Unfortunately, the gravimetric modelling suggests that the anomaly has a lithological and structural origin and is not related with massive sulphides. Nevertheless, a good agreement between the seismic and potential-field data was achieved and new insights into the geological model for the region were obtained form this work, with accurate data about the Tertiary cover and Palaeozoic basement.
- Assessing the degree of fracturing and weathered layer thickness using seismic and GPR dataPublication . Carvalho, João P. F.; Pinto, Carlos C.; Lisboa, Jose; Sardinha, Rui; Catrapona, Afonso; Borges, José Fernando; Tlemçani, M.
- Is the Vila Franca de Xira fault still active? A shallow seismic reflection shear-wave study in an intraplate environmentPublication . Carvalho, João; Ghose, Ranajit; Loureiro, Afonso Vargas; Pinto, Carlos C.; Borges, José Fernando
- Estimation of imageable dip range of target structures in interferometric salt flank imaging with limited illuminationPublication . Loureiro, A.; Van der Neut, J.; Alves, Daniela; Carvalho, João; Afilhado, Alexandra; Draganov, D.; Matias, L.; Martins, T.