Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2023-10"
Now showing 1 - 10 of 20
Results Per Page
Sort Options
- Key dimensions of cities' engagement in the transition to climate neutralityPublication . Salvia, Monica; Pietrapertosa, Filomena; D’Alonzo, Valentina; Maestosi, Paola Clerici; Simoes, Sofia; Reckien, DianaABSTRACT: Urbanization and the concentration of energy-consuming economic activities make cities responsible for more than 70% of global greenhouse gas emissions. At the same time, cities are becoming increasingly vulnerable to climate change impacts. The European Cities Mission launched a call in September 2021 to set out on a path towards "100 climate-neutral and smart cities by 2030". A very large and diverse sample of 344 candidate cities in 35 countries (a subset of the 362 considered eligible to participate in the Cities Mission) was used to conduct this timely research aimed at identifying the main dimensions on which cities are working to achieve a smart and sustainable transition.The research focused on five main dimensions: local climate planning, climate emergency declarations, participation in networks, international projects and competitions. Results show that only 20 (5.8%) cities have no experience in any of them, while there are 18 (5.2%) cities that have in their background activities that fall under all dimensions. Moreover, networking is the most important dimension, among the five analysed, for cities applying for this Mission, involving 309 cities (approximately 90% of the sample). This is followed by local climate planning, involving 275 cities (80%) and city participation in international projects, involving 152 cities (44%). Cities that have declared a climate emergency are less than a fifth of the sample and are very unevenly distributed in only 37.1% of the countries represented (interestingly, all the UK cities in the sample). Similarly, only 49 cities (14.2%) have received international awards.The results provide insights into the main efforts currently being made by cities to engage in the transition to climate neutrality and may be useful to practitioners, scholars and policy-makers at all levels to improve their knowledge of the steps they need to take to support this process and amplify its scope.
- Admissibility Grid to Support the Decision for the Preferential Routing of Portuguese Endogenous Waste Biomass for the Production of Biogas, Advanced Biofuels, Electricity and HeatPublication . Crujeira, Teresa; Trancoso, Maria Ascensão; Eusebio, Ana; Oliveira, Ana Cristina; Passarinho, Paula; Abreu, Mariana; Marques, Isabel Paula; Marques, Paula; Marques, Susana; Albergaria, Helena; Pinto, Filomena; Costa, Paula; Andre, Rui N.; Girio, Francisco; Moura, PatríciaABSTRACT: A methodology was developed to assess the allocation of different types of endogenous waste biomass to eight technologies for producing electricity, heat, biogas and advanced biofuels. It was based on the identification of key physicochemical parameters for each conversion process and the definition of limit values for each parameter, applied to two different matrices of waste biomass. This enabled the creation of one Admissibility Grid with target values per type of waste biomass and conversion technology, applicable to a decision process in the routing to energy production. The construction of the grid was based on the evaluation of 24 types of waste biomass, corresponding to 48 sets of samples tested, for which a detailed physicochemical characterization and an admissibility assessment were made. The samples were collected from Municipal Solid Waste treatment facilities, sewage sludges, agro-industrial companies, poultry farms, and pulp and paper industries. The conversion technologies and energy products considered were (trans)esterification to fatty acid methyl esters, anaerobic digestion to methane, fermentation to bioethanol, dark fermentation to biohydrogen, combustion to electricity and heat, gasification to syngas, and pyrolysis and hydrothermal liquefaction to bio-oils. The validation of the Admissibility Grid was based on the determination of conversion rates and product yields over 23 case studies that were selected according to the best combinations of waste biomass type versus technological solution and energy product.
- Apresentação do projeto geoON [Comunicação oral]Publication . Quental, Lídia
- Transição digital do acervo da Biblioteca do LNEG [Comunicação oral]Publication . Candeias, Ana Paula
- The post-breakup magmatism in Cabo Frio High, Campos Basin, Brazil: implications to a thinned lithosphere contribution in magma formationPublication . De Barros, Tatiele; Castro De Brito, Priscila; Corval Vieira, Artur; Valente, Sérgio De Castro; Miranda, AlanABSTRACT: The Cabo Frio High, limit between Campos and Santos basins, consists of an elevated structure characterized by intense magmatism. Through new petrographic and geochemical data, this paper brings new highlights on sources and evolutionary processes associated with volcanic events that affected this area during Santonian-Campanian drifting stage. Samples from three studied wells are pyroclastic ash, lapilli tuffs, basalts, scoria and diabases associated with subaerial explosive volcanism. Geochemically, they are alkaline rocks classified as basalts, alkaline basalts, foidites and tephriphonolites. The evolution of these rocks derives from geodynamic processes that occurred in shallow mantle depths (35 – 80 km) and involved mixing between a depleted, relatively shallow asthenospheric source (N-MORB) and the local subcontinental lithospheric mantle represented by the average composition of the lamprophyres at the Cabo Frio Structural High.
- How the quality of urban adaptation plans in Europe has evolved over time: indication of progress? Judgement by way of an assessment frameworkPublication . Reckien, Diana; Buzási, Attila; Olazabal, Marta; Spyridaki, Niki-Artemis; Eckersley, Peter; Simoes, Sofia; Salvia, Monica; Pietrapertosa, Filomena; Fokaides, ParisABSTRACT: Since the Paris Agreement, there has been an increasing focus on assessing the progress of climate change adaptation across multiple sectors and regions (Lesnikowski et al., 2017; Tompkins et al., 2018; Berrang-Ford et al., 2019). An important question is what ‘progress’ means and how it could be assessed, at the international, national, and local levels. Hitherto, there is a wealth of information on climate responses at sub-national levels (Hale et al., 2021). Cities and urban areas are increasingly recognized as important actors in climate response (Sanchez Rodriguez et al., 2018). In urban adaptation studies, most assessments focus on tracking and analysing policy outputs, such as approved adaptation plans (Castan Broto et al., 2020; Dodman et al., 2022). Analysing plans cannot tell the whole story in terms of actual progress in the collective reduction (or redistribution) of climate risks. However, it can provide information about the quality and relevance of adaptation processes and actions, and help to assess the likelihood that cities’ advance adaptation goals by reducing risks and increasing resilience equitably (Olazabal et al., 2019; Woodruff & Stults, 2016). Scholars have argued that ‘the best method to ensuring robust adaptation is to ensure rigorous adaptation planning processes’ (Preston et al., 2011).
- Water integration applied to microalgaebased systemsPublication . Lopes, Tiago; Reis, AlbertoABSTRACT: Microalgae-based systems have emerged as a promising solution for sustainable production of food, feed, and biofuels. However, water stress and scarcity are major challenges that limit the viability and scalability of microalgae production. To address this challenge, water integration has been proposed as a means to optimize water use efficiency and reduce the environmental impact of microalgae-based systems. This chapter reviews the current state of knowledge on water integration in microalgae-based systems, with a focus on different types of microalgae cultivation systems, process integration for water optimization, and Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of microalgae-based systems. The chapter concludes with research gaps and future directions in water integration and LCA of microalgae-based systems.
- Hybrid molecular dynamic Monte Carlo simulation and experimental production of a multi-component Cu-Fe-Ni-Mo-W alloyPublication . Dias, Marta; Almeida Carvalho, Patricia; Gonçalves, António Pereira; Alves, E.; Correia, J.B.ABSTRACT: High-entropy alloys are a class of materials intensely studied in the last years due to their innovative properties. Their unconventional compositions and chemical structures hold promise for achieving unprecedented combinations of mechanical properties. The Cu-Fe-Ni-Mo-W multicomponent alloy was studied using a combination of simulation and experimental production to test the possibility of formation of a simple solid solution. Therefore, Molecular Dynamics and hybrid Molecular Dynamic/Monte Carlo simulations from 10K up to the melting point of the alloy were analyzed together with the experimental production by arc furnace and powder milling. The Molecular Dynamics simulations starting with a bcc type-structure show the formation of a singlephase bcc solid solution type-structure, whereas using Monte Carlo one, generally produced a two-phase mixture. Moreover, the lowest potential energy was obtained when starting from a fcc type-structure and using Monte Carlo simulation giving rise to the formation of a bcc Fe-Mo-W phase and a Cu-Ni fcc type-structure. Dendritic and interdendritic phases were observed in the sample produced by arc furnace while the milled powder evidence an separation of two phases Cu-Fe-Ni phase and W-Mo type-structures. Samples produced by both methods show the formation of bcc and a fcc type-structures. Therefore, the Monte Carlo simulation seems to be closer with the experimental results, which points to a two-phase mixture formation for the Cu-Fe-Ni-Mo-W multicomponent system.
- Biostratigraphic and structural research of the Guedelhinha-Lançadoiras- Algaré sector of the Neves-Corvo mine region, Iberian Pyrite BeltPublication . Pereira, Zélia; Matos, João Xavier; Mendes, Márcia; Solá, A. Rita; Albardeiro, Luís; Morais, Igor; Araújo, Vítor; Pacheco, Nelson; Oliveira, José TomásABSTRACT: Based on drill hole sampling and sedimentary rock dating by palynology, the present research focuses on the palynostratigraphic events established in the key geological section of Guedelhinha-Lancadoiras-A lgare located in the Portuguese Neves-Corvo mine region, Iberian Pyrite Belt. The age data allow detailing the lithostratigraphic sequence and further understanding the complex structural setting, representing an important contribution to the geological knowledge of this sector located to the immediate WNW of the Neves-Corvo VMS deposit. The combination of the studied events allows the reconstruction of the Devonian-Carboniferous sedimentation and paleoenvironments along the Iberian Pyrite Belt. Several stratigraphic hiatuses identified in the Neves-Corvo region by the palynological record are con-firmed, mainly occurring from the mid Frasnian to mid Famennian, from the early and mid Strunian, and from the early to late Tournaisian, which were mainly coincident with the worldwide extinction events, in particular during Frasnian-Famennian and Late Devonian times. Extensional tectonics and related gravitational faults, local uplift mechanisms and intense volcanic activity could also explain the lack of palynological data and sedimentary hiatus. In this research, the importance of the late Strunian times in the Iberian Pyrite Belt (Miospore Biozone LN of the Neves Formation) is highlighted, confirming the contemporaneity of felsic volcanism, hydrothermalism, sulphide mineralization precipitation and black shale anoxic sedimentation.
- Geologia Contínua com Legenda Única de Portugal Continental [Comunicação oral]Publication . Dias, Ruben Pereira; Patinha, Pedro