Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2024-06"
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- Typology of pathways for decarbonization [Resumo]Publication . Bento, Nuno; Alves, Tiago; Ribeiro, Ricardo; Fontes, MargaridaABSTRACT: Addressing the urgent climate change requires a clear knowledge of the options available, as well as an understanding of the possible strategies to reduce carbon emissions. Identifying realistic pathways for decarbonization is crucial to inform agents’ decisions about the relevant measures (Turnheim & Nykvist, 2018), with unawareness of these pathways often delaying climate action (Bergek et al, 2023). This paper seeks to identify, categorize, and analyze decarbonization pathways from the scientific literature, uncovering cross-cutting dimensions, interconnections, and regional trends for enhanced decision-making and accelerated change.
- A Geological Service for Europe: building trust through interdisciplinary and intersectoral collaborationPublication . Hollis, Julie; Calcagno, Philippe; Bertrand, Guillaume; de Oliveira, Daniel Pipa Soares; Negrel, Philippe; Díaz-Martínez, Enrique; La Vigna, Francesco; Poyiadji, Eleftheria; Tonné, Nathalie; Van Heteren, Sytze; Dakin, Nicola; Hinsby, Klaus; Van Der Keur, Peter; Siddiqi, Gunter; Čápová, Dana; Pizzocolo, FrancescoABSTRACT: Geology encompasses all of the Earth sciences and thus is multidisciplinary. It does not respect geopolitical borders, so requires teamwork across disciplines and between nations. Applying geological solutions to climate change increasingly requires transdisciplinary teamwork. This extends well beyond the geosciences to inform on issues of universal concern, e.g., deployment of renewable energy, management of groundwater resources, mitigation of climate-induced geohazards, and more. To achieve sustainability and success in these fields, it is essential to employ knowledge of subsurface, land, and subsea geology for the discovery, tracking, preservation, regulation, and exploitation of resources. This knowledge also supports integrated and coherent surface and subsurface spatial planning and the creation of cohesive laws guided by scientific insights. This in turn requires multi-stakeholder collaboration between scientific and governmental agencies, industry, and civil society, from research design to data and knowledge application. Such a broad spectrum of engagement is at the heart of the concept of a Geological Service for Europe, founded on a long history of collaboration between the Geological Surveys of Europe –extending networks, fostering innovation, sharing knowledge, building capacity and common standards. Given the current lack of public knowledge and negative perceptions of geology, collaborative efforts based on objective science can have a significant impact on building trust. This contribution highlights the collaboration of the Geological Surveys of Europe with non-geoscientific partners in serving society, supporting nature, and delivering the Green Deal.
- Cooperation between European and African geological surveys as a pathway to raw material security for EU countries: The experience of the PanAfGeo Project [Resumo]Publication . Wołkowicz, Stanisław; Satkunas, Jonas; Batista, Maria Joao; Tychsen, John; Guillaneau, Jean-Claude; Charles, NicolasABSTRACT: The PanAfGeo cooperation project between European and African geological surveys covers a wide range of raw material issues, from mineral resources assessment, artisanal and small scale mining to geohazards and environmental management of mines. In the projected third phase of the project, PanAfGeo Plus, the relevance of raw material topics is expected to be even greater. The main task of the Project is to organise training courses for young employees of African geological surveys, in which not only textbook geological knowledge is transferred, but a great deal of emphasis is placed on the protection of mineral deposits, the application of best available practices in both mineral exploration and exploitation and licensing principles.
- On the crest of a wave: the variety of place configurations around an emerging energy technology in Europe (1992-2019)Publication . Fontes, Margarida; Santos, Hélder; Sá Marques, TeresaABSTRACT: The study investigates the variety in place configurations around a sustainable technology, in its early phase of development. Adopting a systemic and multi-scalar approach to technology development, this article proposes that the spatially distributed nature of technology emergence leads to the formation of different place configurations of actors and networks around the technology, which can contribute in different ways to its development. Using the case of wave energy technology and a methodology that permits to encompass and compare emergent processes unfolding across Europe, the research uncovers five place profiles, which denote different positions in the emerging system and thus need to be jointly considered to fully understand the process of new system development. The article adds to knowledge on the multi-place and multi-scale systemic processes that are at work in the early phases of technology development, contributing to a better understanding of global system construction around a new sustainable technology.
- The positive impact of biomineralization for marine corrosion protection of AA5083 alloyPublication . Marques, Maria João; Jaume, Julien; Mercier, Dimitri; Seyeux, Antoine; Zanna, Sandrine; Basseguy, Regine; Marcus, PhilippeABSTRACT: This paper investigates, using surface characterisation techniques (SEM, XPS and ToF-SIMS), the impact of marine biological activity on AA5083 corrosion behaviour during seawater immersion. Different solar exposure (light vs. dark) results in distinct marine fouling development, influencing surface modifications. On the dark side, an Al/Mg oxide/hydroxide layer forms, allowing Cl - penetration. Pitting attack is observed after immersion. For the light side, a dual layer structure forms, with a hydrated Mg rich outer layer, showing barrier effect to Cl - penetration. No localized corrosion occurs. A comparison with abiotic conditions demonstrates the corrosion inhibiting effect of marine biological activity on AA5083.
- Reduction of the Market Splitting Occurrences: A Dynamic Line Rating Approach for the 2030 Iberian Day-ahead Market ScenariosPublication . Algarvio, Hugo; Couto, António; Estanqueiro, Ana; Carvalho, Rui; Santos, Gabriel; Faia, Ricardo; Faria, Pedro; Vale, ZitaABSTRACT: Typically, Transmission System Operators apply power flow models with Seasonal Line Rating prescriptions to compute the ampacity of power lines, in a process that enables to obtain the cross-border capacity for trading between different countries or market zones. These seasonal-dependent models rely on fixed conservative meteorological conditions throughout the year, underestimating the real-time transmission capacity of overhead lines. This can contribute to market splitting occurrences, i.e., a situation where the cleared power flow between different market zones of the coupled market is superior to the cross-border capacity, separating markets, which brings economic losses to market participants. Dynamic Line Rating analysis allows computing the overhead lines’ capacity considering the weather conditions that influence the power line's thermal dynamics. This work presents a study that applies the CIGRÉ 601 model in cross-border power lines between Portugal and Spain to quantify the reduction in market splitting occurrences in the day-ahead Iberian market considering based on the installed capacities from the 2030 national energy and climate plans. Comparing with the seasonal approach, dynamic line rating enabled to reduce the number of market splitting occurrences from 1512 to 514, reducing the electricity costs by more than 1% and the price difference from 19 to 12 €/MWh.
- Methodologies for assessing corrosion under dynamic conditions with molten salts in CSP/CST applications [Resumo]Publication . Cunha Diamantino, Teresa; Pedrosa, Fátima; Paiva Luís, Teresa; Figueira Vasques, Isabel; Gil, Mafalda; Navas, M.; Veca, E.ABSTRACT: Renewable energy implementation represents a key point in reversing global warming and climate change. In recent years, there has been an investment in Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) with Energy Storage (TES). Solar Salt is the most energy storage fluid optimized with a melting point of 223 °C and thermally stable up to about 550 °C. One of the most relevant problems in the use of fluids as thermal energy storage is their compatibility with construction materials (pipes, valves and tanks). This fact, combined with high temperatures (300-550 °C) makes the materials more susceptible to corrosion. Static immersion experiments are suited to screen and compare different candidate materials for molten salt applications (Fernández et al., 2019; Gomes et al. 2019), but corrosion rates derived from these experiments might differ significantly from the rates experienced in a real operating environment of a solar plant (Florian et al. 2021). There are currently no specific procedures for evaluating corrosion in molten salts under dynamic conditions, so it is important to develop more practical application conditions to validate methodologies and facilities. The main purpose of this work is to identify the suitable procedures to make a reproducible experimental dynamic corrosion test using an experimental set-up that can vary the velocity of molten salts over a wide range.
- Path disturbing in the process of path development: The case of (onshore & floating offshore) wind energy in Portugal [Resumo]Publication . Santos, Hélder; Fontes, Margarida; Sá Marques, Teresa; Torres, MarceloABSTRACT: The paper addresses the “disturbing” effects that new generations of technology can introduce in the early trajectory of a regional industrial path built around wind offshore technology, focusing on the dimensions along which such disturbance occurs and the actors’ responses to them. We look at the case of the industry formed around wind energy technology. The first generation – onshore wind - drove the development of new industrial paths in some regions. The introduction of new generations (fixed & floating offshore wind) that increasingly diverge from the onshore technology, leading to significant changes in the industry concerned with their production and deployment (Van Der Loos et al., 2020). It is argued that the emergence of the new technology generations potentially produced disturbance along several dimensions (Gong & Binz, 2023) that could affect the industrial and institutional configuration of the wind energy path. The industrial development required, not only innovation activity in the existing manufacturing industry, but also the involvement of a new set of industries. The location at sea made proximity to the natural resource more pertinent, required new infrastructures, demanded regulatory changes and raised new acceptance issues (MacKinnon et al., 2019). Thus path-disturbance would occur at different assets level and actors’ agency. The paper empirically analyses the case of Portugal, which developed an onshore wind energy (Bento & Fontes, 2015) and has engaged early in the experimentation with the new generation of floating offshore wind (Castro-Santos et al., 2020).
- The corrosion behavior of aluminium-magnesium alloy in natural seawater: effects of the biological activity [Resumo]Publication . Marques, Maria João; Benedetti, A.; Castelli, F.; Delucchi, Marina; Faimali, Marco; Delsante, S.; Valenza, F.; Garaventa, F.; Pavanello, G.; Losurdo, M.; Basseguy, RegineABSTRACT: Concerning the corrosion in seawater environments, microorganisms can cause corrosion (Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion - MIC) [1], but also inhibit it or protect against it, a process known as MIC Inhibition (MICI) [2-3]. Corrosion studies of Al-Mg alloys of the 5XXX series, widely used in the shipbuilding industry, requires wider comprehension regarding the impact of the microbial activity [4-7]. Recent studies indicate that the biological activity tends to mitigate the Al alloy corrosion processes [8-11]. The objective of the present study is to assess the influence of natural seawater and the related biological activity on the resistance of the AA5083 Al-Mg alloy by the means of immersion experiments in natural (biotic) vs control (abiotic) seawater. Ennoblement of the open circuit potential (OCP) on Stainless steel (SS) probes was used to monitor the biofilm growth [12].
- Descarbonizar micro/mini-redes através da complementaridade da produção solar fotovoltaica e eólicaPublication . Couto, António; Cardoso, João P.; Simões, Teresa; Estanqueiro, Ana; Stevanato, N.; Mereu, R.RESUMO: Este trabalho apresenta uma metodologia para determinar a capacidade instalada ótima de fontes de energia renováveis variáveis no tempo, numa mini-rede selecionada, e avaliar o potencial destas tecnologias para satisfazer o consumo de eletricidade, permitindo reduzir a dependência de geradores alimentados por combustíveis fósseis. A capacidade ótima é identificada com base na exploração estratégica da sinergia eólica e solar fotovoltaica (FV) para atender à procura de eletricidade, neste caso, para substituir a produção com geradores a diesel. Para este efeito, neste trabalho, explora-se o uso de diferentes ângulos de azimute e inclinação dos sistemas solares fotovoltaicos fixos (convencionais e bifaciais), bem como sistemas com seguimento para criar um portfólio de geração ideal. Os resultados preliminares obtidos destacam que é necessário diversificar a orientação dos painéis solares e explorar a energia eólica para evitar vários períodos com excesso de produção e, consequentemente, corte de geração. Apesar de ser necessário continuar a desenvolver este trabalho, os resultados mostram que o uso dos geradores a diesel pode ser significativamente reduzido, especialmente durante o período diurno.