Materiais para a Energia - ME
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- Comparison of the corrosion of ferritic and austenitic stainless steel (AISI 430 and AISI 316L) with LiNaK carbonate salts for thermal energy storage in CSP/CST applicationsPublication . Gil, Mafalda; Pedrosa, Fátima; Paiva Luís, Teresa; Figueira Vasques, Isabel; Oliveira, Fernando; Cunha Diamantino, TeresaABSTRACT: This study focuses on the corrosion rates and mechanisms of two stainless steels, austenitic AISI 316L and ferritic AISI 430, in contact with a eutectic mixture of LiNaK carbonates in long-term tests at 650 degrees C. The selection of these two stainless steels was based on their differences, both in their intrinsic characteristics and in the cost associated with each one. The research also underscores the importance of optimizing the descaling methods used to evaluate the corrosion rate. Corrosion rates were measured gravimetrically according to ISO 17245:2015, revealing an asymptotic behavior for both steels, with AISI 430 with a corrosion rate of 237 f 21 mu m and AISI 316L of 151 f 13 mu m after 2000 h of testing. Corrosion mechanisms were analyzed using SEM/EDS, GDOES, and XRD techniques, which identified well-defined oxide layers with varying compositions. Given the observed corrosion mechanisms and its lower cost, AISI 430 steel seems to have great applicability in CSP/CST plants, provided it is paired with an appropriate protective coating.
- Detection of corrosion on silvered glass reflectors via image processingPublication . Wiesinger, Florian; Baghouil, Sarah; Le Baron, Estelle; Collignon, Romain; Santos, Filipa; Cunha Diamantino, Teresa; Catarino, Isabel; Facão, Jorge; Ferreira, Cristina; Páscoa, Soraia; Sutter, Florian; Fernández-García, Aránzazu; Wette, JohannesABSTRACT: A novel characterization technique based on image analysis is presented, intended to complement state-of-the-art reflectometer measurements. The technique is developed by experts from different laboratories (OPAC, AGC, CEA and LNEG), which subsequently conduct two Round Robin experiments on corroded solar reflectors for validation. Regarding the inter-comparability, it is found that parameters like the corrosion spot density or the penetration maximum on coated edges exhibit an average coefficient of variation of 62.6 % and 54.9 %. Better agreement is found for parameters like the total corroded area and the maximum edge corrosion penetration, with coefficients of variation of 14.3 % and 13.4 %, respectively. The developed methodology is further applied during a 68-month lasting outdoor exposure campaign of two types of solar reflectors at two representative sites, one exhibiting corrosivity class C2 and the other C3. On the commercial coating RL1, a total corroded area of 59 mm2 and 426 mm2 is measured after the outdoor exposure on the C2 and the C3 site, respectively, while on the novel low-lead coated reflector RL3 corresponding values are 280 mm2 and 1308 mm2. This shows the superior quality of the coating RL1 in terms of corrosion resistance. Furthermore, the analysis highlights the importance of proper edge sealing for corrosion protection, since corrosion penetration is increased by a factor between 1.3 and 4.0 if the edges are unprotected. The reflectance decrease after the outdoor exposure is regarded as negligible (0.000 - 0.005), thus not permitting any of the conclusions that are made from the novel image analysis technique.
- Determination of reflectance of interest from limited state-of-the-art solar reflector field soiling measurementsPublication . Wette, Johannes; Sutter, Florian; Cunha Diamantino, Teresa; Montecchi, Marco; Bern, Gregor; Fernández-García, AránzazuABSTRACT: In concentrated solar thermal technologies, plant operators usually monitor the soiling of their solar field with handheld reflectometers. These measurements can be used for yield calculations and to adapt cleaning strategies: if the reflectometer reading falls below an empirically established threshold, the solar field should be cleaned. There are several commercial reflectometers available for this purpose, but all of them measure at different combinations of wavelength, acceptance angle or incidence angle. It is the purpose of this study to bring the readings from all main commercial reflectometers to the same representative value, enabling their comparison with one another and the translation of these readings into a meaningful reflectance parameter. Thus, different handheld reflectometers are correlated with a laboratory reflectometer, capable of measuring in the whole solar spectral region, covering a wide range of incidence and acceptance angles. The most significant parameter is the near-specular solar-weighted reflectance, measured at the typical incidence and acceptance angles for a given plant, as it is the most precise parameter to describe the reflected energy from the solar field. The correlations for all included reflectometers, show highly linear correlations over a wide range of soiling levels with low deviations. Consequently, the correlations presented herein enable the plant operators at the studied site to compute the near-specular solar-weighted reflectance from their reflectometer readings. and, with that, increase the significance of the measurements without collecting any additional data. The work also establishes a detailed procedure to derive this type of correlations at any site of interest.
- Dielectric UV filters for protection of fire-resistant glass based on intumescent layersPublication . Silva, Ricardo Magno Lopes; Hashim, Hurraira; Roy, Deepto; Oliveira Fernandes, Carolina; Oliveira, Kevin; Leitão Pinheiro, Xavier Alexandre; Esteves, M. Alexandra; Capelo, Anabela; Donato, Mariana; Oliveira, Fernando; Ferreira, Cristina; Alves, Isabel N.; Cunha Diamantino, Teresa; Barreiros, Maria Alexandra; Rocha, Jorge; Passos Teixeira, Jennifer; Salomé, PedroABSTRACT: Structures such as OLEDs, perovskite solar cells, intumescent glasses, and other components in modern devices and buildings contain materials suscep-tible to degradation when exposed to UV radiation, requiring protection to with-stand outdoor environmental conditions. In this work, multilayer coating config-ured as a Bragg Reflector on glass is employed as spectral filtering to protect the intumescent component of fire-resistant glass from degradation due to prolonged UV solar radiation exposure. By alternating low-n (SiO2)/high-n (TiO2) dielectric layers through spin-coating, precise control over film thickness could be achieved, allowing the fabrication of thin (<700 nm) UV filters with high trans-mission of visible sunlight – 88% of the 780 to 380 nm wavelength range – while reflecting almost all the incident UV – 90% of the wavelength below 380nm. Using relatively simple techniques, high precision coating was successfully achieved, resulting in an effective UV radiation protective barrier applied to en-hance the durability of the components in fire-resistant glass.
- Enhancing Corrosion Resistance of Al-Mg Alloys through Biomineralization [Resumo]Publication . Marques, Maria João; Fori, Benoit; Mercier, Dimitri; Seyeux, Antoine; Zanna, Sandrine; Marcus, Philippe; BASSEGUY, RegineABSTRACT: In recent decades, new emerging microbiological technologies have been studied, based on the recognition that microorganisms can inhibit corrosion by different mechanisms, the so-called MICI (microbiologically influenced corrosion inhibition), opening up different lines of research. In this context, biomineralization has been attracting the attention of researchers, with an increasing number of studies showing that different types of mineralized layers formed on metal surfaces can reduce the risk of corrosion.
- Enhancing Proton Conductivity of SPEEK Based Membranes by Incorporation Graphene Oxide / Bisphosphonic acid dopant [Resumo]Publication . Teixeira, Fatima; Teixeira, António Paulo Silva; Rangel, Carmen M.ABSTRACT: The most commercially successful membrane for applications in fuel cell and electrolyzers, perfluorinated sulfonic NafionR, exhibits relevant performance limitations due to its dependence on water content with consequent proton mobility restrictions, environmental concerns and very high cost. Poly(etheretherketone) (SPEEK) polymer appears as a versatile non-fluorinated alternative for a low-cost and a more environmentally friendly membrane. Our previous studies showed that the incorporation of biphosphonic acid dopants (BPs) into the mentioned polymeric matrices, improves membrane proton conduction and durability1-5. In this work, we prepared and evaluated new doped SPEEK membranes using graphene oxide (GO) with bisphosphonic acid functionalities as dopant (GOBP), anticipating superior membranes properties, including proton conductivity.
- Exploring Marine Biomineralization on the Al-Mg Alloy as a Natural Process for In Situ LDH Growth to Improve Corrosion ResistancePublication . Marques, Maria João; Mercier, Dimitri; Seyeux, Antoine; Zanna, Sandrine; Tenailleau, Christophe; Duployer, Benjamin; Jeannin, Marc; Marcus, Philippe; Basséguy; BASSEGUY, RegineABSTRACT: This study provides a detailed characterization of the AA5083 aluminum alloy, surface, and interface over 6 months of immersion in seawater, employing techniques such as SEM/EDX, GIXRD, mu-Raman and XPS. The purpose was to evaluate the evolution of the biomineralization process that occurs on the Al-Mg alloy. By investigating the specific conditions that favor the in situ growth of layered double hydroxide (LDH) during seawater immersion as a result of biomineralization, this research provides insights into marine biomineralization, highlighting its potential as an innovative and sustainable strategy for corrosion protection.
- Exploring photozincographic metal plates collections: Manufacturing techniques and zinc corrosionPublication . Ioaneș, Alexandra; Roldão, Élia; Cunha Diamantino, Teresa; Tissot, IsabelABSTRACT: This study explores the materials, manufacturing processes, and corrosion behavior of photozincographic plates from the Lactário Museum in Lisbon, Portugal. Analysis of thirty-three historical plates (1927–1971) and three non-historical plates using stereomicroscopy, micro-X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, and accelerated aging tests revealed that the plates are primarily composed of zinc with trace elements (lead, iron, and calcium) and produced by distinct manufacturing techniques. Corrosion products containing sulfur-based compounds indicate the influence of an outdoor environment. Accelerated aging demonstrates significant image degradation from corrosion, highlighting the need for tailored preservation strategies for these unique composite objects.
- Fire-resistant materials: characterization and thermal behavior of intumescent gels for fire resistant glass [Poster]Publication . Donato, Mariana; Esteves, M. Alexandra; Capelo, Anabela; Oliveira, Fernando; Ferreira, Cristina; Alves, Isabel N.; Morgado, Vanessa; Correia, Jose B.; Teixeira, Jennifer P.; Oliveira Fernandes, Carolina; Silva, Ricardo Magno Lopes; Rocha, Jorge; Salomé, Pedro; Cunha Diamantino, Teresa; Barreiros, Maria Alexandra
- Influence of Cr on the quaternary FeTaTiW medium entropy alloyPublication . Martins, Ricardo; Monteiro, Bernardo; Pereira Gonçalves, Antonio; Correia, Jose B.; Galatanu, Andrei; Alves, Eduardo; Tejado, Elena; Pastor, Jose Ygnacio; Dias, MartaABSTRACT: The search for advanced materials has been growing, and high entropy alloys (HEAs) are emerging as promising candidates for application in the fusion domain. This work investigates the effect of Cr on the FeTaTiW medium entropy alloy to form (CrFeTaTi)70W30 high entropy alloy, comparing the experimental production and characterization with the simulation (molecular dynamics and hybrid molecular dynamics-Monte Carlo) of the phases formed. The alloys were produced by mechanical alloying and sintered by spark plasma sintering. Both simulations have shown that a body-centered cubic structure is formed for both compositions. Monte Carlo simulation provides a more precise prediction of microstructural formation and element segregation. Microstructural examination of the consolidated material revealed the presence of a W-rich phase and a Ti-rich phase, consistent with the phase separation observed in the MC simulations. Moreover, X-ray diffraction analysis of the milled powder for FeTaTiW and (CrFeTaTi)70W30 confirmed the formation of a bcc (body-centered cubic)-type structure with a low fraction of intermetallic phases. Mechanical testing showed ductile behavior at 1000 degrees C where (CrFeTaTi)70W30 showed a stress magnitude almost double that of FeTaTiW. Additionally, the thermal diffusivity between 20 and 1000 degrees C of both alloys increases as the temperature rises. (CrFeTaTi)70W30 exhibits an increase from 3 to 5 mm2/s, while FeTaTiW increases from 4 to 9 mm2/s. Still, both system's thermal diffusivity values are lower than those of CuCrZr and pure tungsten. Despite this, the study underscores the promising attributes of HEAs and highlights areas for further optimization to enhance its suitability for extreme conditions.
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