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Browsing ENERGIA by Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) "13:Ação Climática"
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- Analysis of Techno-Economic and Social Impacts of Electric Vehicle Charging Ecosystem in the Distribution Network Integrated with Solar DG and DSTATCOMPublication . Bonela, Ramesh; Ghatak, Sriparna Roy; Swain, Sarat Chandra; Lopes, Fernando; Nandi, Sharmistha; Sannigrahi, Surajit; Acharjee, ParimalABSTRACT: In this work, a comprehensive planning framework for an electric vehicle charging ecosystem (EVCE) is developed, incorporating solar distributed generation (DG) and a distribution static compensator (DSTATCOM), to assess their long-term techno-economic and environmental impacts. The optimal locations and capacities of the EVCE, solar DG, and DSTATCOM are determined using an improved particle swarm optimization algorithm based on the success rate technique. The study aims to maximize the technical, financial, and social benefits while ensuring that all security constraints are met. To assess the financial viability of the proposed model over a 10-year horizon, a detailed economic analysis comprising installation cost, operation, and maintenance cost is conducted. To make the model more realistic, various practical parameters, such as the inflation rate and interest rate, are incorporated during the financial analysis. Additionally, to highlight the societal benefits of the approach, the study quantifies the long-term carbon emissions and the corresponding cost of emissions. The proposed framework is tested on both a 33-bus distribution network and a 108-bus Indian distribution network. Various planning scenarios are explored, with different configurations of the EVCE, solar-based DG, and DSTATCOM, to assist power system planners in selecting the most suitable strategy.
- Benchmarking commercially available value-added fractions with potential for production via microalgae-based biorefineries: is it worth it?Publication . Ferreira, Flávio; Reis, Alberto; Ortigueira, Joana; Lopes, TiagoABSTRACT: The urgent need to mitigate climate change requires finding sustainable and efficient alternatives to fossil fuel-based materials. Biosequestration by microalgae has been suggested as a potential method for climate change mitigation due to its environmentally friendly nature and ability to produce high-value compounds. However, the large-scale application of microalgal biorefineries faces significant challenges, particularly in the harvest and processing stages, which are often costly and energy-intensive. This study aims to benchmark value-added fractions that can be produced via microalgae-based biorefineries against their commercially available counterparts. A systematic review was conducted using the Web of Science™ database to identify current commercial sources of proteins, lipids, polyunsaturated fatty acids and pigments, this study identified key sectors and applications for each fraction, as well as potential market competitors. The results highlight substantial cost differences across production systems, with traditional agricultural sources demonstrating lower CAPEX but greater environmental challenges. Meanwhile, microalgal systems, although associated with higher CAPEX, offer advantages such as reduced land and water dependency, potentially leading to long-term economic resilience and environmental sustainability. By pinpointing research trends, key sectors and optimization opportunities, this work offers valuable insights into the profitability and competitiveness of microalgal systems, providing a benchmark for future optimization efforts. The novelty of this research lies in its comprehensive comparison of microalgae-based and traditional production systems, establishing a clear benchmark for microalgal production and suggesting focus areas for enhancement.
- Bio-oil from hydrothermal liquefaction of microalgae cultivated in wastewater: An economic and life cycle approachPublication . Silva, Thiago; Junior, Maurino Magno de Jesus; Magalhães, Iara; Ananias, Marina Stefany; Saleme Aona de Paula Pereira, Alexia; Rodrigues, Fábio de Ávila; Delgado dos Reis, Alberto José; Calijuri, Maria LuciaABSTRACT: Although microalgae are a promising sustainable biofuel feedstock, their energy-intensive production and most environmental assessments rarely achieve the desired trade-off between productivity and sustainability. In this context, this study aims to evaluate the economic and environmental feasibility of producing bio-oil via hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of wastewater-grown microalgae at an industrial scale. Four scenarios varied production scale and steam source: sugarcane bagasse (SCB) in SC1 and SC3, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) in SC2 and SC4. Each scenario processed microalgae at 300 degrees C for 30 min. Smaller-scale feedstock (1332.9 kg/h) in SC1 and SC2 produced 34.6 kg/h of bio-oil, while the larger feedstock (85,554.4 kg/h) in SC3 and SC4 yielded 2222.2 kg/h. Microalgae biomass cultivation costs dominated overall expenses (56-75 %). Economic analyses indicated minimum selling prices of 3.82-8.52 USD/kg, exceeding the average literature figure of 1.57 USD/kg. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) showed SCB reduced fossil resource depletion by 14.97 % compared to LPG but increased emissions of nitrogen oxides, particulates, and toxic compounds, which are manageable via selective catalytic reduction and flue gas desulphurization. Cyclohexane as a solvent elevated human carcinogenic toxicity, greener alternatives could reduce toxicity but may cost more, requiring further cost analysis. Advancing this biorefinery route requires optimization of cultivation and processing costs, adoption of environmentally benign solvents, and implementation of emission control strategies to enable economically feasible and environmentally sustainable bio-oil production.
- Bridging Regional Divides in Decarbonization: Firm Strategies, Policy Tensions, and Structural Trade-offs in Portugal [Resumo]Publication . Vale, Mário; Alves, Tiago; Fontes, Margarida; Mamede, Ricardo; Bento, NunoABSTRACT: The transition to a low-carbon economy is shaped by structural tensions and trade-offs that impact firms, regions, and policymakers. A central challenge is balancing regional equity, industrial specialization, and technological innovation in decarbonization policies (Markard & Rosenbloom, 2022). This study critically examines these tensions by analysing firm-level decarbonization strategies within the Portugal 2020 (PT2020) program, revealing how economic structures shape sustainability transitions and the effectiveness of policy interventions.
- Critical transitions: Unpacking decarbonization strategies in Portuguese industry and regional disparitiesPublication . Vale, Mário; Alves, Tiago; Duarte de Castro Fontes, Maria Margarida; Mamede, Ricardo; Bento, NunoABSTRACT: In the wake of the Paris Agreement, the urgency for decarbonization has intensified globally, prompting varied responses from different regions and sectors. This study critically examines the uneven decarbonization trajectories of Portuguese firms within the framework of the Portugal 2020 (PT2020) program, informed by transition theory and regional innovation systems. Employing a multi-method approach that combines natural language processing and a systematic literature review, we identify and categorize the decarbonization strategies of 278 out of 2,793 firms funded by PT2020 between 2020 and 2023. Our findings reveal a modest (less than 10 % of all projects) but pivotal engagement in decarbonization, predominantly focused on the Porto metropolitan area and adjacent regions, indicating a pattern of uneven geographical transitions. Larger, established firms predominantly undertake these initiatives, reflecting a skew in policy effectiveness towards more stable entities. The most common pathways—demand and co-benefits (49 %) and decarbonization of electricity (34 %)—suggest a preference for immediately actionable strategies (electrification of uses and technological breakthroughs). This study underscores the disparity in decarbonization efforts across firms, but also regions, correlating higher industrial productivity and urbanization with increased activity. Such trends reveal the influence of existing economic structures and regional capacities on the adoption of green technologies, which exacerbate regional inequalities in the face of global decarbonization mandates. This study improves the understanding on the potential of decarbonization to increase or decrease inequalities among companies and regions. It provides crucial lessons for policies aiming to accelerate decarbonization to achieve the 2030 goals. Further research is required to explore the impact of regional specialization on decarbonization strategies and to develop more inclusive and equitable policies.
- Decarbonization Transition Pathways and Regional Trends: Insights from One Million StudiesPublication . Bento, Nuno; Alves, Tiago; Ribeiro, Ricardo; Fontes, MargaridaABSTRACT: As global temperatures near critical thresholds and emissions continue to rise, the urgency for strategic, accelerated decarbonization grows. Despite a vast climate mitigation literature, a systematic understanding of actionable pathways remains limited. Here, we apply artificial intelligence to analyze over one million scientific papers (2011–2021), generating a data-driven typology of six archetypal decarbonization pathways: Technology Breakthrough, Electrification of Uses, Integrated Policy, Decarbonization of Electricity, Demand Reduction & Co-benefits, and Land Use & Circularity. Regional patterns show Electrification of Uses prevailing in Europe (EU27), while Technology Breakthrough dominates in China, the US, and Japan. Increasing political and societal resistance to mitigation makes the strategic selection and combination of pathways even more critical. Our analysis highlights key synergies between pathways, the scientific competencies required to support them, and persistent gaps—particularly in Land Use and Circularity. We also compare current climate policy directions with the typology, revealing alignment gaps that may weaken policy effectiveness. This framework enables policymakers to better match strategies with regional capacities and research strengths, offering a more coherent approach to decarbonization. Strengthening the integration of science, technology, and policy is essential to overcome fragmentation and deliver the emissions reductions needed to meet the net-zero climate targets.
- Development of a georeferenced database as a tool to improve circular material flows in lignocellulosic waste valorization [Poster]Publication . Silva, Tiago; Eusebio, Ana; Camocho, David; Alexandre, Jorge; Sousa Rocha, Cristina; Patinha, Pedro; Quental, Lídia; Gírio, Francisco; Moura, PatríciaABSTRACT: The Frontsh1p project aims to accelerate the development and implementation of cross-sector circular value chains through the creation of a multi-level toolkit that includes georeferenced data. This will facilitate the identification of the different stakeholders, their levels of interaction, regional distribution, and communication pathways, as well as the planning of new circular material flows for by-products and waste streams. The region of Łódzkie in Poland was selected for the development of this toolkit to establish guidelines, methodologies and technologies, based on information at the regional economic level, that can be easily replicated in different regions across Europe.
- Driving Transformative Change: Assessing the Direction and Design of Decarbonization Policies in the EU, US, China, and JapanPublication . Fontes, Margarida; Sousa, Cristina; Bento, NunoABSTRACT: The transition to low‐carbon economies demands policies that drive both decarbonization and deep socioeconomic transformation. This paper assesses the “transformative potential” of 3,400 decarbonization policies from Europe, the US, China, and Japan. We define transformative potential considering both policy direction – alignment with sustainability goals, and policy design ‐ presence of mechanisms that can induce transformation, such as experimentation, actor diversity, multiscale coordination, and reflexivity. The research shows that when we consider a broad universe of decarbonization policies, transformative potential is still limited: only 20% of policies align with at least one transition pathway and include at least one transformative mechanism; and just 2% include three or more mechanisms. By identifying distinguishing features of these higher transformative potential policies, the paper contributes to understanding how technological, sectoral and contextual factors shape the capacity of policies to enable transformative change.
- Dynamic Line Rating Models and Their Potential for a Cost-Effective Transition to Carbon-Neutral Power SystemsPublication . Estanqueiro, Ana; Algarvio, Hugo; Couto, António; Michiorri, Andrea; Salas, Sergio; Pudjianto, Danny; Hagglund, Per; Dobschinski, Jan; Bolgaryn, Roman; Kanefendt, Thomas; Gentle, Jake; Alam, S. M. Shafiul; Priest, Zachary M.; Abboud, Alexander W.ABSTRACT: Most transmission system operators (TSOs) currently use seasonally steady-state models considering limiting weather conditions that serve as reference to compute the transmission capacity of overhead power lines. The use of dynamic line rating (DLR) models can avoid the construction of new lines, market splitting, false congestions, and the degradation of lines in a cost-effective way. DLR can also be used in the long run in grid extension and new power capacity planning. In the short run, it should be used to help operate power systems with congested lines. The operation of the power systems is planned to have the market trading into account; thus, it computes transactions hours ahead of real-time operation, using power flow forecasts affected by large errors. In the near future, within a "smart grid" environment, in real-time operation conditions, TSOs should be able to rapidly compute the capacity rating of overhead lines using DLR models and the most reliable weather information, forecasts, and line measurements, avoiding the current steady-state approach that, in many circumstances, assumes ampacities above the thermal limits of the lines. This work presents a review of the line rating methodologies in several European countries and the United States. Furthermore, it presents the results of pilot projects and studies considering the application of DLR in overhead power lines, obtaining significant reductions in the congestion of internal networks and cross-border transmission lines.
- Energy potential of elephant grass broth as biomass for biogas productionPublication . da Silva, Guilherme Henrique; Renato, Natalia dos Santos; Coelho, Felipe Ferreira; Donato, Thiago Paiva; Otenio, Marcelo; Machado, Juarez; Delgado dos Reis, Alberto JoséABSTRACT: The growing demand for clean energy has highlighted plant biomass as a valuable alternative, supporting sustainable development goals. Elephant grass (EG) is a promising feedstock due to its adaptability to diverse soils and climates, high dry matter production, and substantial energy yield. This study aimed to evaluate and characterize six selected EG genotypes (BRS Capia & ccedil;u, T_23.1, T_23.2, T_41.2, T_47.1, and T_51.5) based on their broth productivity and energy yield. Analysis of the broth's yield and physicochemical properties revealed that the by-product extracted from the biomass had a high residual energy value. Additionally, extracting the broth reduces the grass's biomass moisture content, enhancing its calorific value and improving the bagasse quality for combustion in boilers, thus optimizing energy production. This study demonstrates that the promising EG genotypes T_47.1, T_41.2, and T_23.1 presented relevant energy values ranging from 4248.12 to 4304.06 kcal kg- 1 of bagasse and thus are suitable for energy production through direct combustion. The extracted broth is a valuable residual energy source that can be utilized industrially after anaerobic digestion. Future research should focus on the environmental and economic effectiveness of EG broth as an energy source from waste and its potential for biogas production.
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