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- Mineralogical and Geochemical Characterization of Geological MaterialsPublication . Silva, Teresa; de Oliveira, Daniel Pipa Soares; Veiga, João PedroABSTRACT: The following Special Issue compiles original research on the mineralogical, geochemical, and microstructural characterisation of natural and anthropogenic materials. Topics span the weathering and long-term durability of sedimentary rocks, copper mineralisation processes, and archaeometric provenance studies to advanced analytical methods for mortar characterisation, heavy mineral analysis, and polymetallic ore exploration. Contributions highlight innovations in neutron imaging, SEM-based fast elemental mapping, quantitative XRD, and adsorption studies on clay minerals. Emphasis is placed on the scientific understanding of mineral transformations, the sustainable use of geological resources, heritage conservation, and the recycling potential of mining waste. By combining traditional petrography with emerging machine learning and supervised classification approaches, the papers demonstrate how mineralogical research is becoming increasingly interdisciplinary, supporting geology, archaeology, environmental sciences, and resource management. This reprint provides a valuable reference for researchers across Earth and material sciences.
- Cartografia e Caracterização Geológica dos Recursos em Calcários Ornamentais do Maciço Calcário EstremenhoPublication . Carvalho, JorgeRESUMO: Desde há cerca de 40 anos, desenvolve-se uma intensa atividade extrativa de calcários para fins ornamentais no Maciço Calcário Estremenho, o qual se encontra parcialmente abrangido pelo Parque Natural das Serras de Aire e Candeeiros. Tendo em vista a conciliação dessa atividade com os pressupostos de conservação da natureza e a sua integração nos instrumentos de ordenamento do território municipais, foram desenvolvidos estudos geológicos de pormenor sobre os cinco principais núcleos de exploração abrangidos pela área desse parque natural, designadamente os núcleos das áreas de Cabeça Veada, Codaçal, Moleanos Pé da Pedreira e Portela das Salgueiras. O presente trabalho relata os resultados alcançadas por esses estudos geológicos que envolveram cartografia geológica a grande escala, levantamento de fraturação e sondagens. Os mesmos permitiram definir as áreas de aptidão para a produção de blocos para rocha ornamental em cada uma das áreas e estimar as seguintes Reservas Minerais Prováveis para cada uma das áreas: Cabeça Veada – 14,04 x 106 t, Codaçal – 33,54 x 106 t, Moleanos – 23,92 x 106 t, Pé da Pedreira – 63,44 x 106 t e Portela das Salgueiras – 17,16 x 106 t.
- GeoERA Raw Materials Monograph : the past and the futurePublication . Wittenberg, Antje; de Oliveira, Daniel Pipa Soares; Flindt Jørgensen, Lisbeth; González, Javier; Heldal, Tom; Aasly, Kari Aslaksen; Deady, Eimear; Kumelj, Špela; Horvath, Zoltan; McGrath, Eoin; Ferreira, Maria João; Calabaça, Teresa; Arvanitidis, Nikolaos; Sadeghi, Martiya; Bertrand, Guillaume; Gloaguen, Eric; Decree, Sophie; Gautneb, Håvard; Törmänen, Tuomo; Reginiussen, Helge; Sievers, Henrike; Quental, Lídia; Pereira, Aurete; Medialdea, Teresa; Schiellerup, Henrik; Zananiri, Irene; Ferreira, Pedro Tavares; Somoza, Luis; Monteys, Xavier; Alcorn, Trevor; Marino, Egidio; Lobato, Ana Belén; Kuhn, Thomas; Nyberg, Johan; Malyuk, Boris; Magalhães, Vítor Hugo; Lunar, Rosario; Hein, J. R.; Cherkashov, Georgy; Brown, Teresa; Cassard, Daniel; Urvois, Marc; Pedersen, Mikael; Schjøth, Frands; Tulstrup, Jørgen; Eilu, Pasi; Hokka, Janne; Simoni, Mark; Carvalho, Jorge; Laskaridis, Kostas; Dedić, Željko; Habimana, Cyprien; Liinamaa-Dehls, AnneABSTRACT: GeoERA Minerals projects have produced data aimed at supporting Europe’s minerals sector and to assist the European Commission to realise its goals for raw materials. Data has been compiled on mineral occurrences and mineral provinces across Europe, in particular, areas with potential to host Critical Raw Materials. Anecdotal evidence from the minerals sector provides an indication of the likelihood of exploration leading to mine development. For every 1,000 mineral showings examined, only 100 may receive further exploration work and of those 100, only 10 may warrant more detailed sampling either through trenching, drilling or other means and of those 10 only 1 may proceed to an evaluation through a full feasibility study which itself has only 50% chance of being positive. Following this, any project for which a mine proposal is made must undergo a full evaluation and permitting by authorities including full public consultation. The proposal may or may not pass this scrutiny. In terms of a schedule, the generally accepted minimum time frame from discovery to production is 10 years and usually much more, up to 20 years.