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- Geometric morphometrics applied to molars of Pleistocene Bos and Bison of EuropePublication . Galli, Emilia; Fidalgo, Darío; García-Martínez, Daniel; Rosas, AntonioABSTRACT: Bos and bison Bison (Bovinae, Mammalia) are closely related large mammals abundant in Pleistocene fossil assemblages. The determination of osteological elements of these bovines is traditionally based on morphological differences, but new molecular studies suggest the synonymy of both genera. Following recent advances in morphological classifying methods we implemented a two-dimensional geometric morphometric approach to analyse the occlusal surface of molars in Bos and Bison, and secondly on extinct bison species. We have applied this methodology in photographs of upper and lower molars using our new templates proposals to digitise the morphology. The digitalisation of the landmarks and semilandmarks was carried out with Viewbox 4 software and the statistical analysis with Morphologika2 2.5 and MophoJ softwares. Our results show an overlapping distribution regarding the main aspects of shape of the molars, with no discrimination between taxa. This can be due to the small sample size, and/or the different wear stages.