Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2021-06"
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- A “Janela Ordovícica” no Devónico do Sinclinal de Portalegre (Portugal): história, bioestratigrafia e contexto geodinâmicoPublication . Pires, Miguel; Pereira, Sofia; Colmenar, JorgeRESUMO: A “janela” ou “ilha” ordovícica do Devónico de Portalegre, descoberta por Nery Delgado em 1901 a sul do Monte Sete, foi sendo perpetuada na literatura geológica portuguesa sem nunca se conseguir reencontrar. Neste trabalho, apresenta-se a localização, litoestratigrafia e associações paleontológicas deste afloramento clássico. Os níveis aflorantes compreendem uma sucessão que abarca as formações Brejo Fundeiro, Monte da Sombadeira e Fonte da Horta. Na Formação Brejo Fundeiro foram identificadas trilobites (Ectillaenus, Eodalmanitina, Zeliszkella?, Crozonaspis?, Colpocoryphe e Neseuretus), ostracodos (Medianella?), graptólitos (Didymograptus) e raros braquiópodes (Rowellella e Orthidae indet.); a Formação Monte da Sombadeira não proporcionou nenhum fóssil e a Formação Fonte da Horta trilobites (Neseuretus e Plaesiacomia) e um braquiópode (Apollonorthis). Estas associações fossilíferas caracterizam, respetivamente, o Oretaniano e o Dobrotiviano inferior (Ordovícico Médio, Darriwiliano). Discute-se o contexto geodinâmico desta ocorrência (cavalgamento, desligamento, olistólito ou antiforma) com base nas diferentes interpretações cartográficas do sinclinal que têm sido propostas quer no setor português, quer espanhol (Sinclinal de La Codosera).
- Exhumation of an anatectic complex by channel flow and extrusion tectonics: structural and metamorphic evidence from the Porto–Viseu Metamorphic Belt, Central-Iberian ZonePublication . M. Bento dos Santos, Telmo; Rodrigues, José Feliciano; Castro, Paulo; Cotrim, Beatriz; Pereira, Inês; Ferreira, Joana; Pinto De Meireles, Carlos Augusto; Ferreira, Narciso; Ferreira, Priscila; Ribeiro, António; Guimarães, FernandaAbstract: Structural and metamorphic analyses of the Porto–Viseu Metamorphic Belt (PVMB), an anatectic complex located in the Central-Iberian Zone (CIZ), Iberian Variscan Massif, constrain the kinematic features of the polyphase Variscan deformation, as well as the boundary conditions associated with the exhumation and emplacement of the belt onto the CIZ’s lower-grade metasediments. A sharp metamorphic contrast is evident between the lowest grade rocks of the anatectic complex—garnet-staurolite mylonitic schists with a minimum metamorphic peak at P = 5.7 kbar and T = 635 °C—and the host chlorite-biotite metasediments of the CIZ. Additional P–T estimates for metatexites in the PVMB provided P = 7.6–7.9 kbar and T = 770–810 °C, confirming high-grade metamorphic peak conditions. The temperature jump between the anatectic complex and the low-grade host rocks exceeds 400 °C if the anatectic core of the belt (metatexites, diatexites, and S-type granites) is considered, implying a vertical difference of 10–17 km. The PVMB is limited in the NE by a D2 shear zone displaying normal kinematics, which has been explained so far by extensional tectonics. However, the SW boundary is limited by a D2 shear zone showing reverse kinematics. This pair of coeval and antithetical ductile shear zones bordering the PVMB, associated with the increase of the metamorphic grade towards the axial domain of the belt, is consistent with anatectic channel flow, followed by extrusion tectonics of the PVMB within an overall D2 compressive setting.
- Provide INSPIRE-compliant harmonised data on deposits and prospects of natural graphite, lithium and cobalt : DELIVERABLE D5.6Publication . Gautneb, Håvard; Törmänen, Tuomo; Gloaguen, Eric; Pereira, AureteABSTRACT: D.5.6 is the last deliverable of the work package 5 of the FRAME project. The two previous deliverables D5.4 and the D5.5 report the deliverable of the final work package data and products. All these three deliverables are related to products and data where the main results are presented on the web only. D5.6 with the title: Provide INSPIRE-compliant harmonised data on deposits and prospects of natural graphite, lithium and cobalt aims to deliver the data collected by the work package, to the GeoEra consortium and to upload the raw data, as comma separated file (CSV) format, to the European Geological Data Infrastructure (EGDI). The CSV file can then be integrated and downloaded to be used individually or with other data sets and web applications. Data is harmonised according to INSPIRE data specifications as far as it is possible. Since the main product of this deliverable is the release of the raw data and its availability on the net, this deliverable will be very concise.
- Using waste from the Barrigão abandoned mine as source of raw material for the synthesis of tetrahedrite-tennantite materials for a sustainable future [Resumo]Publication . Neves, FilipeABSTRACT: The green transition implies the use of a broad mixture of renewable energy sources where materials science-based solutions are vital for designing improved materials and devices. Despite the progress that has been achieved in the development of materials for sustainable energy technologies, current research is still facing many challenges (e.g., materials availability and processability to achieve low cost, efficiency, durability and environmental concerns).
- Recovery of bioactive compounds from industrial exhausted olive pomace through ultrasound-assisted extractionPublication . Gómez Cruz, Irene; Contreras, Maria del Mar; Carvalheiro, Florbela; Duarte, Luís C.; Roseiro, Luisa B.; Romero, Inmaculada; Castro, EulogioABSTRACT: Simple Summary Exhausted olive pomace (EOP) is the main residue of the pomace oil extraction industry, which is generated in large quantities and has limited applications. Thus, this study aimed to obtain bioactive compounds from EOP using ultrasound-assisted extraction as a potential first valorization step. Two types of devices were tested: bath- and probe-type UAE. The operational parameters were studied and optimized to maximize the antioxidant compounds. In particular, hydroxytyrosol was the main phenolic compound identified and its content was 5.16 mg/g EOP (bath-type UAE) and 4.96 mg/g EOP (probe-type UAE). Mannitol was also detected in the extract, 59.53 mg/g EOP (bath-type UAE) and 69.73 mg/g EOP (probe-type UAE). The results highlight the great potential EOP has as a source of bioactive compounds, with applicability in several sectors. Moreover, the probe-type UAE shows potential to be applied for obtaining these bioactive compounds in a continuous and faster manner. Exhausted olive pomace (EOP) is the main agro-industrial waste of the olive pomace extracting industries. It contains phenolic compounds and mannitol, so the extraction of these bioactive compounds should be considered as a first valorization step, especially if EOP is used as biofuel. Therefore, EOP was subjected to bath-type ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), and the effects of the acetone concentration (20-80%, v/v), solid load (2-15%, w/v), and extraction time (10-60 min) on the extraction of antioxidant compounds were evaluated according to a Box-Behnken experimental design. By means of the response surface methodology, the optimum conditions were obtained: 40% acetone, 8.6% solids, and 43 min. For all the extracts, the total phenolic content (TPC), flavonoid content (TFC), and antioxidant activity (DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP) were determined. With the aim of shortening the extraction time, a two-level factorial experiment design was also carried out using a probe-type UAE, keeping the solid load at 8.6% (w/v) and the acetone concentration at 40% (v/v), while the amplitude (30-70%) and the extraction time (2-12 min) were varied to maximize the aforementioned parameters. Finally, a maximum of phenolic compounds was reached (45.41 mg GAE/g EOP) at 12 min and 70% amplitude. It was comparable to that value obtained in the ultrasonic bath (42.05 mg GAE/g EOP), but, remarkably, the extraction time was shortened, which translates into lower costs at industrial scale. Moreover, the bioactive compound hydroxytyrosol was found to be the major phenolic compound in the extract, i.e., 5.16 mg/g EOP (bath-type UAE) and 4.96 mg/g EOP (probe-type UAE). Other minor phenolic compounds could be detected by capillary zone electrophoresis and liquid-chromatography-mass spectrometry. The sugar alcohol mannitol, another bioactive compound, was also found in the extract, and its content was determined. Thus, the use of this technology can support the valorization of this waste to obtain bioactive compounds, including mannitol, hydroxytyrosol, and other derivatives, before being applied for other uses.
- Stakeholder engagement plan: Deliverable D6.1Publication . Couto, António; Algarvio, Hugo; Sijm, Jos; Rinne, Erkka; Kochems, Johannes; Estanqueiro, AnaABSTRACT: This deliverable presents the approach implemented to perform a stakeholder analysis and to produce the TradeRES’ stakeholder engagement plan. It includes the description of the tools used for the stakeholder engagement, namely the webinars, tutorials, experiments and surveys. Before establishing the engagement plan, the identification and prioritization of the relevant stakeholders at the European and national levels are performed. To support this step, a stakeholder mapping approach is followed by clustering each target group into the following categories: “Key player”, “Meet their needs”, “Keep informed” and “Monitor”. This classification takes into account the level of interest and influence of each stakeholder in the project. The communications between the consortium and the stakeholders as well as the preferable channels for these communications are also presented. The engagement plan includes a description of the communication tools, objective, frequency and expected contribution of the different stakeholders. The project comprises different stakeholders to follow closely the work developed providing feedback on the modelling methodology and scope, on market design choices, and on our research results. The stakeholders’ knowledge has been effectively involved since the beginning of the project, namely in activities related to construct reference energy systems for 2030, and their role will be crucial during the iterative process of shaping market designs and testing as well as validating the newly developed open-access market tools.
- Potential benefits and constraints of development of critical raw materials' production in the EU: analysis of selected case studiesPublication . Guzik, Katarzyna; Galos, Krzysztof; Kot-Niewiadomska, Alicja; Eerola, Toni; Eilu, Pasi; Carvalho, Jorge; Fernández-Naranjo, Francisco Javier; Arvidsson, Ronald; Arvanitidis, Nikolaos; Raaness, AgnesABSTRACT: Major benefits and constraints related to mineral extraction within the EU have been identified on the examples of selected critical raw materials’ deposits. Analyzed case studies include the following ore deposits: Myszków Mo-W-Cu (Poland), Juomasuo Au-Co (Finland), S. Pedro das Águias W-Sn (Portugal), Penouta Nb-Ta-Sn (Spain), Norra Kärr REEs (Sweden) and Trælen graphite (Norway). They represent different stages of development, from the early/grassroot exploration stage, through advanced exploration and active mining, up to reopening of abandoned mines, and refer to different problems and constraints related to the possibility of exploitation commencement. The multi-criteria analysis of the cases has included geological and economic factors as well as environmental, land use, social acceptance and infrastructure factors. These factors, in terms of cost and benefit analysis, have been considered at three levels: local, country and EU levels. The analyzed cases indicated the major obstacles that occur in different stages of deposit development and need to be overcome in order to enable a new deposit exploitation commencement. These are environmental (Juomasuo and Myszków), spatial (Juomasuo) as well as social constraints (Norra Kärr, Juomasuo). In the analyzed cases, the most important constraints related to future deposit extraction occur primarily at a local level, while some important benefits are identified mainly at the country and the EU levels. These major benefits are related to securing long-term supplies for the national industries and strategically important EU industry sectors.
- Outlining the cobalt and phosphor exploration potential areas and mineralisation in Europe: a collaboration between FRAME and MINDeSEA projectsPublication . Sadeghi, Martiya; Bertrand, Guillaume; González, Francisco Javier; de Oliveira, Daniel Pipa Soares; Pereira, Aurete; Quental, Lídia; Decree, Sophie; Törmänen, Tuomo; Gautneb, Håvard; Marino, Egidio; Somoza, Luis; Medialdea, Teresa; Blasco, Iker; Lobato, Ana BelénABSTRACT: One of the primary goals in FRAME project’s WP3 (Critical and Strategic Raw Materials Map of Europe), in collaboration with other work packages of FRAME and other GeoERA projects, is to produce and present the mineralisation and potential areas for CRM in Europe. Identifying new resources of supply critical mineral potential on land and in the European seabed for CRM needed for energy transition, is crucial for the European Union. In this regard, identifying and mapping of the major metallogenic areas for different type of mineralisation is essential. The global demand for CRM and strategic minerals containing cobalt, phosphorous, rare earth elements, tellurium, manganese, nickel, lithium and copper, concurrent with the rapidly diminishing quality and quantity of land-based mined deposits, has placed the seafloor as a promising new frontier for the exploration of mineral resources. To develop metallogenic research and models at regional and deposit scales, with special attention to strategic critical minerals, for which the EU’s downstream industry is highly dependent in the mid- and long-term perspectives, one must go from the known to the unknown, or at least, less known. Collating this information into favourable terrains is absolutely necessary to be able to understand mineralisation at the various scales. The latter was one of FRAME’s objectives as we will see developed below for phosphate and cobalt mineralisation.
- Os primeiros fósseis do Ordovícico de Águeda (Aveiro): Implicações lito e bioestratigráficasPublication . Pereira, Sofia; Colmenar, Jorge; Pires, Miguel; Young, Tim; Gomes, A.; Polechová, Marika; Vaz, NunoRESUMO: Apresentam-se os primeiros fósseis do Ordovícico de Águeda, provenientes de níveis de meta-argilitos intercalados numa sequência arenítica metamórfica de Arrancada do Vouga. A associação, moderadamente diversa, inclui trilobites [Crozonaspis cf. incerta (Deslongchamps) e Crozonaspis sp.], bivalves [Praenucula sp., Cardiolaria cf. beirensis (Sharpe), Praeleda cf. ribeiroi (Sharpe), Hemiprionodonta cf. lusitanica (Sharpe), Tancrediopsis escosurae? (Sharpe) e Myoplusia? sp.], gastrópodes (Bellerophontidae indet. e Platyceratidae indet.), braquiópodes (Heterorthina sp.), ostracodos (Conchoprimitia? sp.) e quitinozoários (Desmochitina minor Eisenack), os quais indicam a idade Dobrotiviano superior (ca. Darriwiliano superior Sandbiano inferior). A sequência metarenítica descrita apresenta afinidades com a Formação Cabril da Zona Centro-Ibérica de Portugal central. Do ponto de vista bio e litostratigráfico, a sucessão ordovícica de Águeda apresenta uma maior afinidade com os setores meridionais da ZCI, e não com o setor norte (e.g. Valongo), contrariamente às restantes áreas incluídas na faixa de cisalhamento Porto – Albergaria-a-Velha.
- Synthesis of Non-Cubic Nitride Phases of Va-Group Metals (V, Nb, and Ta) from Metal Powders in Stream of NH3 Gas under Concentrated Solar RadiationPublication . Shohoji, Nobumitsu; Oliveira, Fernando Almeida Costa; Galindo, José; Rodriguez, Jose; Cañadas, Inmaculada; Fernandes, Jorge Cruz; Rosa, Luís GuerraABSTRACT: Using a high-flux solar furnace, loosely compacted powders of Va-group transition metal (V, Nb, and Ta) were reacted with stream of NH3 gas (uncracked NH3 gas) being heated by concentrated solar beam to a temperature (T) range between 600 and 1000 degrees C. From V, sub-nitride V2N (gamma phase) and hypo-stoichiometric mono-nitride VN possessing fcc (face-centered cubic) crystal lattice structure (delta phase) were synthesized. On the other hand, in the reaction product from Nb and Ta, hexagonal mono-nitride phase with N/M atom ratio close to 1 (epsilon phase) was detected. The reaction duration was normalized to be 60 min. In a conventional industrial or laboratory electric furnace, the synthesis of mono-nitride phase with high degree of crystallinity that yield sharp XRD peaks for Va-group metal might take a quite long duration even at T exceeding 1000 degrees C. In contrast, mono-nitride phase MN of Va-group metal was synthesized for a relatively short duration of 60 min at T lower than 1000 degrees C being co-existed with lower nitride phases.