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- Sea surface temperature variations revealed by planktonic foraminifera at the Portuguese margin during the HolocenePublication . Mega, Aline; Salgueiro, Emilia; Rebotim, Andreia; Voelker, Antje; Cruz, Joana; Calvo, Eva; Abrantes, FatimaABSTRACT: Global warming, resulting from increasing human emissions of greenhouse gases, is raising ocean temperatures, projecting an increase of 2.6 °C by the end of this century. With the aim of refining climate models and predicting future regional climate conditions more accurately, this study reconstructs sea surface water temperature during the current interglacial period, the Holocene, off the southwest coast of Portugal, through the analysis of associations of planktonic foraminifera. During this period, surface waters in the region south of Sines exhibited higher and more stable temperatures compared to those detected further north, in the Estremadura spur. The northern region, due to its geographical position, more prominently highlights short-duration cold events associated with polar ice melting and marine circulation.