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- Geometric morphometrics applied to molars of Pleistocene Bos and Bison of EuropePublication . Galli, Emilia; Fidalgo, Darío; García-Martínez, Daniel; Rosas, AntonioABSTRACT: Bos and bison Bison (Bovinae, Mammalia) are closely related large mammals abundant in Pleistocene fossil assemblages. The determination of osteological elements of these bovines is traditionally based on morphological differences, but new molecular studies suggest the synonymy of both genera. Following recent advances in morphological classifying methods we implemented a two-dimensional geometric morphometric approach to analyse the occlusal surface of molars in Bos and Bison, and secondly on extinct bison species. We have applied this methodology in photographs of upper and lower molars using our new templates proposals to digitise the morphology. The digitalisation of the landmarks and semilandmarks was carried out with Viewbox 4 software and the statistical analysis with Morphologika2 2.5 and MophoJ softwares. Our results show an overlapping distribution regarding the main aspects of shape of the molars, with no discrimination between taxa. This can be due to the small sample size, and/or the different wear stages.
- Earliest Pleistocene European hippos: a reviewPublication . Fidalgo, Darío; Galli, Emilia; Madurell-Malapeira, Joan; Rosas, AntonioRESUMO: A dispersão de hipopótamos de África para a Europa no Pleistocénico inferior tem sido amplamente discutida. A maioria dos autores propõe uma única entrada de formas semelhantes à espécie africana Hippopotamus gorgops, denominada Hip. antiquus ao entrar na Europa. No entanto, outros autores propõem uma primeira entrada de formas semelhantes ao táxon africano Hip. kaisensis, chamado Hip. antiquus ao entrar na Europa, e uma segunda entrada de formas semelhantes ao Hip. gorgops, chamado Hip. tiberinus ao entrar na Europa. Neste trabalho, avaliamos o estado da arte do debate, revisando o registo fóssil de hipopótamos e destacamos os últimos achados em locais da África Central à Europa e suas possíveis passagens.