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- Analysis of Techno-Economic and Social Impacts of Electric Vehicle Charging Ecosystem in the Distribution Network Integrated with Solar DG and DSTATCOMPublication . Bonela, Ramesh; Ghatak, Sriparna Roy; Swain, Sarat Chandra; Lopes, Fernando; Nandi, Sharmistha; Sannigrahi, Surajit; Acharjee, ParimalABSTRACT: In this work, a comprehensive planning framework for an electric vehicle charging ecosystem (EVCE) is developed, incorporating solar distributed generation (DG) and a distribution static compensator (DSTATCOM), to assess their long-term techno-economic and environmental impacts. The optimal locations and capacities of the EVCE, solar DG, and DSTATCOM are determined using an improved particle swarm optimization algorithm based on the success rate technique. The study aims to maximize the technical, financial, and social benefits while ensuring that all security constraints are met. To assess the financial viability of the proposed model over a 10-year horizon, a detailed economic analysis comprising installation cost, operation, and maintenance cost is conducted. To make the model more realistic, various practical parameters, such as the inflation rate and interest rate, are incorporated during the financial analysis. Additionally, to highlight the societal benefits of the approach, the study quantifies the long-term carbon emissions and the corresponding cost of emissions. The proposed framework is tested on both a 33-bus distribution network and a 108-bus Indian distribution network. Various planning scenarios are explored, with different configurations of the EVCE, solar-based DG, and DSTATCOM, to assist power system planners in selecting the most suitable strategy.
- Contribution to the development of a new value chain in the marine renewable energy sectorPublication . Fontes, Margarida; Simões, Teresa; Estanqueiro, Ana; Nieto, Felix; Tsami, MariaABSTRACT: As part of the commitments made in the NECP2030 for Portugal, an increase in wind capacity is planned, including an additional 10.4 GW onshore and 2 GW offshore. In this sense, it is necessary to assess the conditions for the creation of a new industrial value chain that will accelerate this development and offer attractive conditions for the involvement of the industrial sector, providing conditions for the objectives recommended in the NECP 2030 to be met. Projects OffshorePlan - Planning for the Use of Offshore Renewable Energies in Portugal, and OceanTrans - Ocean energy technologies transformative potential analyzed the relevant socio-economic component for this sector, namely the process of creating a new industrial value chain to support the development of marine renewable energies. As part of this research, a questionnaire survey was conducted targeting companies in sectors with complementary skills and resources, directly or indirectly related to the development of projects in this area. The questionnaire yielded 114 responses from companies already active and 182 from companies willing to become involved in the future. The results allowed us to obtain a global view of the actual and potential involvement of the industrial sector, as well as to gain some insight into how companies view the requirements to operate in this area and the main barriers to their performance. This article presents the main findings obtained in the scope of this research and discusses their contribution to the advancement of the marine renewable energy sector and, as such, to the development of offshore wind energy in Portugal.
- Dynamic Line Rating Models and Their Potential for a Cost-Effective Transition to Carbon-Neutral Power SystemsPublication . Estanqueiro, Ana; Algarvio, Hugo; Couto, António; Michiorri, Andrea; Salas, Sergio; Pudjianto, Danny; Hagglund, Per; Dobschinski, Jan; Bolgaryn, Roman; Kanefendt, Thomas; Gentle, Jake; Alam, S. M. Shafiul; Priest, Zachary M.; Abboud, Alexander W.ABSTRACT: Most transmission system operators (TSOs) currently use seasonally steady-state models considering limiting weather conditions that serve as reference to compute the transmission capacity of overhead power lines. The use of dynamic line rating (DLR) models can avoid the construction of new lines, market splitting, false congestions, and the degradation of lines in a cost-effective way. DLR can also be used in the long run in grid extension and new power capacity planning. In the short run, it should be used to help operate power systems with congested lines. The operation of the power systems is planned to have the market trading into account; thus, it computes transactions hours ahead of real-time operation, using power flow forecasts affected by large errors. In the near future, within a "smart grid" environment, in real-time operation conditions, TSOs should be able to rapidly compute the capacity rating of overhead lines using DLR models and the most reliable weather information, forecasts, and line measurements, avoiding the current steady-state approach that, in many circumstances, assumes ampacities above the thermal limits of the lines. This work presents a review of the line rating methodologies in several European countries and the United States. Furthermore, it presents the results of pilot projects and studies considering the application of DLR in overhead power lines, obtaining significant reductions in the congestion of internal networks and cross-border transmission lines.
- Exploring the offshore wind and wave generation complementarity in Portugal for a sustainable and resilient power systemPublication . Couto, António; Justino, Paulo Alexandre; Costa, Paula Silva; Simões, Teresa; Estanqueiro, AnaABSTRACT: Exploring variable energy sources generation complementarity can, among several benefits, help in the reduction of the negative impacts of variability from individual sources, and lower the system’s flexibility requirements. This study focuses on the complementarity between offshore wind and wave energy aiming to identify its overall value to the power system. Using Portugal as a case study, this work examines two offshore regions of the Plan for the Allocation of Offshore Renewable Energy in Portugal using standard approaches to assess the level of complementarity. The findings show a clear seasonal mismatch in the summer between wind and wave energy, which supports their complementary nature and helps smooth out seasonal fluctuations in offshore renewable generation. The results indicate that wave energy brings value to diversifying the offshore energy mix. When compared with onshore renewable generation, the combined use of offshore wind and wave power significantly enhances the stability of energy supply, reduces extreme events, which can contribute to decrease the need for additional system flexibility in future nearly 100% renewable-based power systems.
- Hybrid Variable Renewable Power Plants: A Case Study of ROR Hydro ArbitragePublication . Catarino, Isabel; Romão, Inês; Estanqueiro, AnaABSTRACT: Wind and solar energy sources, while sustainable, are inherently variable in their power generation, posing challenges to grid stability due to their non-dispatchable nature. To address this issue, this study explores the synergistic optimization of wind and solar photovoltaic resources to mitigate power output variability, reducing the strain on local grids and lessening the reliance on balancing power in high-penetration renewable energy systems. This critical role of providing stability can be effectively fulfilled by run-of-river hydropower plants, which can complement fluctuations without compromising their standard operational capabilities. In this research, we employ a straightforward energy balance model to analyze the feasibility of a 100 MW virtual hybrid power plant, focusing on the northern region of Portugal as a case study. Leveraging actual consumption and conceptual production data, our investigation identifies a specific run-of-river plant that aligns with the proposed strategy, demonstrating the practical applicability of this approach.
- Optimized Planning Framework for Radial Distribution Network Considering AC and DC EV Chargers, Uncertain Solar PVDG, and DSTATCOM Using HHOPublication . Bonela, Ramesh; Tripathy, Sasmita; Roy Ghatak, Sriparna; Swain, Sarat Chandra; Lopes, Fernando; Acharjee, ParimalABSTRACT: This study aims to provide an efficient framework for the coordinated integration of AC and DC chargers, intermittent solar Photovoltaic (PV) Distributed Generation (DG) units, and a Distribution Static Compensator (DSTATCOM) across residential, commercial, and industrial zones of a Radial Distribution Network (RDN) considering the benefits of various stakeholders: Electric Vehicle (EV) charging station owners, EV owners, and distribution network operators. The model uses a multi-zone planning method and healthy-bus strategy to allocate Electric Vehicle Charging Stations (EVCSs), Photovoltaic Distributed Generation (PVDG) units, and DSTATCOMs. The proposed framework optimally determines the numbers of EVCSs, PVDG units, and DSTATCOMs using Harris Hawk Optimization, considering the maximization of techno-economic benefits while satisfying all the security constraints. Further, to showcase the benefits from the perspective of EV owners, an EV waiting-time evaluation is performed. The simulation results show that integrating EVCSs (with both AC and DC chargers) with solar PVDG units and DSTATCOMs in the existing RDN improves the voltage profile, reduces power losses, and enhances cost-effectiveness compared to the system with only EVCSs. Furthermore, the zonal division ensures that charging infrastructure is distributed across the network increasing accessibility to the EV users. It is also observed that combining AC and DC chargers across the network provides overall benefits in terms of voltage profile, line loss, and waiting time as compared to a system with only AC or DC chargers. The proposed framework improves EV owners' access and reduces waiting time, while supporting distribution network operators through enhanced grid stability and efficient integration of EV loads, PV generation, and DSTATCOM.
- Renewable Energy Production in the Mediterranean: Exploring the Potential for Offshore Wind DevelopmentPublication . Simões, Teresa; Tsami, Maria; Nieto, Felix; Huvaj, NejanABSTRACT: This study presents an overview of the current state of the Maritime Spatial Planning among the Mediterranean countries, explores the previous studies on evaluating the offshore wind potential of the Mediterranean region along with the criteria for suitable site selection. Based on a review of the current state of offshore renewable energy, the potential locations offshore wind will be explored for the Mediterranean coastline case study area. The research concludes with a set of critical considerations related to the need for proper synergies establishment among different stakeholders and for cultivating social acceptance and community engagement. The analysis aims to support decision-makers evaluating the potential of the Mediterranean coastal area in supporting the energy transition goal.
- Satellite-based offshore wind data close to the coast: comparison with onshore meteorological mast records and microscale CFD simulationsPublication . Álvarez, Antonio J.; Snæbjörnsson, Jónas Þór; Couto, António; Simões, Teresa; Poozesh, Poorya; Félix, NietoABSTRACT: Satellite observation of environmental phenomena is becoming increasingly accurate, complementing pre-existing measurement techniques. In this work, the offshore wind field recorded by Sentinel-1 on February 6th, 2021, close to the Southwestern Iceland coast is compared with the anemometric measurements provided by a relatively dense network of weather stations in the Reykjanes peninsula and microscale CFD simulations that use the Hvassahraun weather station data to approximate wind velocity and direction in offshore locations. The three methodologies show a good agreement in the 10-minute velocity magnitudes for the set of considered offshore locations, while the 10-minute mean wind direction shows certain scattering, although with a consistent prevalence of Eastern wind directions, in agreement with the anemometric data. The results show obvious complementarities among the three approaches, suggesting further studies to improve accuracy, especially for capturing local effects impacting wind magnitude and directionality.
- Strategic Bidding to Increase the Market Value of Variable Renewable Generators in New Electricity Market DesignsPublication . Algarvio, Hugo; Sousa, VivianABSTRACT: Electricity markets with a high share of variable renewable energy require significant balancing reserves to ensure stability by preserving the balance of supply and demand. However, they were originally conceived for dispatchable technologies, which operate with predictable and controllable generation. As a result, adapting market mechanisms to accommodate the characteristics of variable renewables is essential for enhancing grid reliability and efficiency. This work studies the strategic behavior of a wind power producer (WPP) in the Iberian electricity market (MIBEL) and the Portuguese balancing markets (BMs), where wind farms are economically responsible for deviations and do not have support schemes. In addition to exploring current market dynamics, the study proposes new market designs for the balancing markets, with separate procurement of upward and downward secondary balancing capacity, aligning with European Electricity Regulation guidelines. The difference between market designs considers that the wind farm can hourly bid in both (New 1) or only one (New 2) balancing direction. The study considers seven strategies (S1-S7) for the participation of a wind farm in the past (S1), actual (S2 and S3), New 1 (S4) and New 2 (S5-S7) market designs. The results demonstrate that new market designs can increase the wind market value by 2% compared to the optimal scenario and by 31% compared to the operational scenario. Among the tested approaches, New 2 delivers the best operational and economic outcomes. In S7, the wind farm achieves the lowest imbalance and curtailment while maintaining the same remuneration of S4. Additionally, the difference between the optimal and operational remuneration of the WPP under the New 2 design is only 22%, indicating that this design enables the WPP to achieve remuneration levels close to the optimal case.
- Unit Sizing and Feasibility Analysis of Green Hydrogen Storage Utilizing Excess Energy for Energy IslandsPublication . Koca, Kemal; Dursun, Erkan; Bekçi, Eyüp; Uçar, Suat; AKPOLAT, Alper Nabi; Tsami, Maria; Simões, Teresa; Tesch, Luana; AKSÖZ, Ahmet; Borg, Ruben PaulABSTRACT: This study examines whether green hydrogen production using combined wind and solar energy on Marmara Island can meet the island's electricity demand and fuel the fuel needs of a hydrogen-powered ferry. A hybrid system consisting of a 10 MW wind farm, a 3 MW solar PV system, and a PEM electrolyzer sized to meet the island's hydrogen demand was modeled for the island, located in the southwestern Sea of Marmara. The hydrogen production potential, energy flows, and techno-economic performance were evaluated using HOMER-Pro 3.18.4 version. According to the simulation results, the hybrid system generates approximately 62.6 GWh of electricity annually, achieving an 82.8% renewable energy share. A significant portion of the produced energy is transferred to the electrolyzer, producing approximately 729 tons of green hydrogen annually. The economic analysis demonstrates that the system is financially viable, with a net present cost of USD 61.53 million and a levelized energy cost of USD 0.175/kWh. Additionally, the design has the potential to reduce approximately 2637 tons of CO2 emissions over a 25-year period. The results demonstrate that integrating renewable energy sources with hydrogen production can provide a cost-effective and low-carbon solution for isolated communities such as islands, strengthening energy independence and supporting sustainable transportation options. It has been demonstrated that hydrogen produced by PEM electrolyzers powered by excess energy from the hybrid system could provide a reliable fuel source for hydrogen-fueled ferries operating between Marmara Island and the mainland. Overall, the findings indicate that pairing renewable energy generation with hydrogen production offers a realistic pathway for islands seeking cleaner transportation options and greater energy independence.