Recursos Minerais - RM
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- 3D Magnetic Inversion in Angola: Serra da Neve Alkaline Complex and Jamba Itabirites case studiesPublication . Machadinho, Ana; Represas, Patricia; Alves, Daniela; Cordeiro, Domingos; Carvalho, João; Lopes, R.; Caessa, Paulo; Pereira, L. F; Osório, A.ABSTRACT: Demanding and speculative economies make it imperative to search for new areas of mineral exploration. Angola’s geological diversity presents an enormous potential for mineral resources. This potential can be assessed by applying different methods, such as geophysical prospecting, to discover new potential targets of areas to explore. For many years, the magnetic method has been successfully used in mineral exploration. In this work we apply a 3D magnetic inversion technique to aeromagnetic data in two different study areas. The Serra da Neve alkaline complex (SNAC) represents a potential source for rare earth elements (REE) and the Jamba itabirites provides metallic mineral deposits with iron and gold mineralizations. In both case studies, whether concerning alkaline intrusions or itabirites deposits, their magnetic properties are characterized by strong magnetic anomalies clearly delineated on magnetic anomaly maps. The high magnetic susceptibility (k) contrast between these target structures and the host rocks allowed us to obtain a coherent three-dimensional geometry for the SNAC structures and the itabirites deposits. The magnetic inversion technique also provided magnetic vector inversion (MVI)susceptibility values estimation for constituent lithologies, as well as the shape and size of the studied structures and deposits. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the magnetic method for the detection and characterization of target areas, offering an innovative technique to identify potential areas in mineral resources exploration.
- Abandoned mine slags analysis by EPMA WDS x-ray mappingPublication . Guimarães, Fernanda; Rosado, L.; Morais, C.; Candeias, A. E.; Pinto, A. P.; Mirao, JoseThe mining activity on the Iberian pyritic Belt (Portugal and Spain) started before Phoenician times, became particularly intense during the Roman occupation of the Iberian Peninsula (for gold) and after the industrial revolution (for gold, copper, zinc, lead and sulphur). The commonest ore of this region is a massive polymetalic sulphide accumulation, where pyrite (FeS2) is the main mineral, with variable concentrations of chalcopyrite (CuFeS2), sphalerite (ZnS), galena (PbS), arsenopyrite (FeAsS2), other sulphides and sulfosalts which include minor elements like Mn, Co, Ni, Se, Cd, Sb, Te, Hg and Bi. Some of the main and minor elements of these ores are hazardous and the drainage basins of pollutant source areas often induce health concerns in the resident population. Electron microprobe study followed previous optical and XRD analysis of the slags. The study focused on the identification of phases how sulphide and meta11ic phases are distributed within the material and infer about leachable elements during weathering. Electron microprobe X-Ray maps show evidences of different behavior between the elements: Ca and Zn are completely leached; iron is retained in oxyhydroxides, lead and arsenic precipitate as sulphates. Electron microprobe studies are essential to understand complex materials as earth materials. Nevertheless, care is required to a correct interpretation of data and most quantitative compositional data are not trustworthy.
- Abordagem de risco e perigosidade : experiência do projeto Europeu ESPON-HAZARDSPublication . Batista, Maria Joao
- Acid drainage potential at S. Domingos minePublication . Batista, Maria Joao; Matos, João Xavier; Abreu, Maria Manuela
- AfricaMaVal : Mineral Potential Mapping Study of European Critical Raw Materials (ECRM) of Africa [Resumo]Publication . Fullgraf, Thomas; Marques Prazeres, Cátia; Gonçalves, Pedro; Callec, Yannick; Fortes, Carla; Represas, Patricia; Vella, Alex; Guillaneau, Jean-Claude; de Oliveira, Daniel Pipa SoaresABSTRACT: The AfricaMaVal project, a 3.5-year initiative coordinated by the French Geological Survey (BRGM), fosters sustainable EU–Africa partnerships in the critical raw materials (CRM) sector. With 18 partners from 11 countries, it promotes responsible mineral sourcing for European industries while supporting Africa’s sustainable development. Work Package 1 (WP1), “Supply Potential,” led by the Portuguese Geological Survey (LNEG), assesses and maps African supply potential for European Critical Raw Materials (ECRM) through a harmonized, INSPIRE-compliant database. BRGM has developed machine learning (ML) algorithms for mineral resource assessment over the past 20 years, applied at scale since 2022. Within WP1, prospectivity maps for selected ECRMs were generated in ten countries, drawing on BRGM datasets, including 1:10M geological and structural maps and over 55,000 mineral occurrences.
- Age dependent variation of the magnetic fabric of dike swarms and implications for the volcanic structure of ocean islands: the example of the Maio Island, Cabo Verde archipelagoPublication . Moreira, Mário; Mata, João; Madeira, José; Represas, Patricia; Martins, SofiaABSTRACT: Magnetic fabric analysis of dikes is a powerful technique when assessing magma transfer processes. This study presents an integrated analysis combining magnetic susceptibility and anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility, magnetic mineralogy, geochemistry and new 40Ar/39 Ar dating of dikes intruding formations ranging from the Lower Cretaceous to the Miocene on the island of Maio, in the Cabo Verde archipelago. We show that the dikes, dated at ≈9.2 Ma, intruding the younger Miocene Casas Velhas formation, display a Ti-rich titanomagnetite composition, higher whole-rock TiO2 content and very high magnetic anisotropy. They are clearly distinguished from the dikes, ranging in age from ≈9.3 to 11.3 Ma, intruding older formations, which show a predominantly Ti-poor titanomagnetite composition with multiple magnetic phases, lower whole-rock TiO2 concentration, higher range of magnetic susceptibilities and very low anisotropy. Magnetic fabric is predominantly normal with no significant imbrication relative to the dike margins. Numerical analysis of fabric shows a dominant coaxiality between the magnetic lineation and the preferred orientation of opaques and phenocrystals suggesting that magnetic lineation is, therefore, the proxy of the magmatic flow axis orientation. Based on the orientation of the magnetic fabric, we infer that magmatic flow within the studied dikes is predominantly vertical. The differences observed between the younger dikes and all other dikes may be related to magma sourced from distinct magma chambers. One, probably shallow, underneath the Casas Velhas fm in the southwest of the island, which would explain the very high values of magnetic anisotropy and the inferred vertical flow, and another located in a central position in the island, responsible for the dikes intruding the older formations. The location of such magma reservoirs and the dikes ages suggest a hypothetical migration with age of the magmatic sources that fed the dikes from the central part of the island to the southwest region. The magnetic and mineralogical heterogeneities of the dikes intruding older Lower Cretaceous formations may also be a result of a wider age range of the intrusions.
- Alguns aspectos da geoestratégia global do lítio : o caso de PortugalPublication . Santana, Helena; Martins, Luís Plácido; de Oliveira, Daniel Pipa SoaresO lítio é um metal com uma multiplicidade de aplicações numa grande diversidade de indústrias. Utiliza-se na forma metálica, de diversos compostos químicos ou de concentrado mineral, em sectores como as indústrias vidreira, cerâmica, farmacêutica, electrónica, agro-química, baterias, entre outras. O crescente consumo a nível global tem sido dominado pelas indústrias cerâmica e vidreira. Contudo, o desenvolvimento tecnológico dos veículos eléctricos, a implementação no mercado e as previsões de crescimento global deste sector, fazem prever um significativo crescimento na procura de lítio, já que é a base das baterias utilizadas nestes veículos. Deste modo, os projectos mineiros de lítio proliferam por todo o globo, sobretudo em depósitos do tipo salmoura e pegmatitos. Em Portugal, os recursos de Li são do tipo pegmatito e têm sido explorados conjuntamente com os feldspatos, para utilização na indústria cerâmica. Devido ao potencial existente em Portugal neste tipo de recursos, é necessária a aplicação de uma nova metodologia que contribua para a maximização do valor do recurso pegmatito e para avaliar a viabilidade de produção de carbonato de Li.
- Alguns indicadores geológicos e ambientais indispensáveis ao reordenamento da actividade extractiva : o caso do Anticlinal de EstremozPublication . Midões, Carla; Falé, Patrícia; Henriques, Paulo; Vintém, CarlosO Anticlinal de Estremoz situa-se, em Portugal, na região do Alentejo, encerra um grande centro da actividade extractiva de mármores denominado Zona dos Mármores e faz parte de um importante sistema aquífero, o sistema aquífero de Estremoz-Cano. Esta zona apresenta portanto alguns condicionalismos geológicos e ambientais e uma desorganização do espaço devido ao material não comercializado e acumulado em escombreiras, que a tornam uma área preferencial para o estudo de metodologias que auxiliem o reordenamento do sector extractivo. Tendo em mente a necessidade de compatibilização da actividade mineira com a preservação ambiental nas políticas de ordenamento territorial, surge um projecto desenvolvido pelo Ex-IGM e o Cevalor em 4 unidades de ordenamento, integradas na Área Cativa da Zona dos Mármores definida no PROZOM. Este projecto pretendeu criar uma ferramenta de apoio à gestão que tenha em atenção a compatibilização da actividade mineira com a preservação ambiental nas políticas de ordenamento territorial. Nesta comunicação serão apresentados alguns indicadores geológicos e hidrogeológicos, (obtidos na UNOR2 - Borba), imprescindíveis ao reordenamento das explorações de mármore permitindo a melhoria do uso e organização do espaço, a protecção do ambiente e o aumento da qualidade de vida das populações.
- Alluvial nodular monazite in Monfortinho (Idanha-a-Nova, Portugal): Regional distribution and genesisPublication . Salgueiro, Rute; Inverno, Carlos; de Oliveira, Daniel Pipa Soares; Guimarães, Fernanda; Lencastre, José; Rosa, DiogoABSTRACT: This work constitutes a contribution to the knowledge on the occurrence of nodular monazite in the Monfortinho (Idanha-a-Nova) alluviums and its genesis. A new edition of the alluvial nodular monazite regional distribution map is presented, underlining its wide occurrence and preferential concentration in the north-western and central zones of this region. The assessment of the geological and environmental evolution during Neoproterozoic-Palaeozoic and Caenozoic times and alluvial nodular monazite accumulation seems to provide a direct association between the presence of the Ordovician rocks, in particular the radioactive (carrying radioactive heavy minerals) quartzite (one of the most probable original sources) and Caenozoic sedimentary rocks (most probably the secondary source). Nevertheless, the Slate-Greywacke Complex cannot be excluded as a host rock for nodular monazite as well. Alluvial heavy mineral concentrates include: iron oxide/hydroxide, ilmenite, tourmaline, nodular monazite, monazite, xenotime, zircon, rutile, anatase, brookite, apatite, andalusite, gold, cassiterite and topaz. There is a significant REE enrichment in these concentrates (up to> 32,000 mg/kg), mainly in LREE-MREE. The contents in Ce and Th, Th and REE and Ce and La showed good correlation (0.97, 0.96 and 0.99, respectively), reflecting mainly the striking presence of nodular monazite, as can be proved by the similarity among NASCN patterns of this mineral and concentrates. In Monfortinho there are two distinct alluvial nodular monazite populations: 1) distal pre-deformation nodules generation, from the central western area, mostly ellipsoidal to discoidal, with irregular not orientated probable detrital mineral inclusions; and 2) proximal generation, in the northern area near the Ordovician rocks, with smaller grains, with mostly irregular surfaces. Diagenetic/low metamorphic pre-deformation distal Monfortinho nodules population growth can be recognised and characterised by the encompassing of irregular unoriented mineral inclusions of the host matrix rock; preferential incorporation of MREE over other REE in the core nodules, consistent with diagenetic MREE-rich environmental/mineralized fluids supplied by the dehydration of Variscan sedimentary marine sequences with phosphatic rocks, at the start of nodule formation. The slight increase in Ca towards the nodule rims denotes a relative increase in fluid salinity during nodule growth, consistent with the ineffectiveness of metamorphic dewatering in dissolving the significant salt content of those marine sequence(s); Th increment in nodule rims points to the temperature increment at this stage; its moderately to pronouncedly negative Eu anomalies and the general involvement of the cheralitic substitution mechanism are characteristic of metamorphic monazites. Monfortinho and other published data suggest that in the beginning of nodular monazite formation the fractionation (La/Sm) N tended to be lower than that of the original source (detrital relic mineral/seawater), very similar to primary synsedimentary apatite or to monazite nodules interpreted to have precipitated directly from seawater. At the end the fractionation values can be substantially higher than those and may be dependent on the conditions established during the different geologic environments.
- Alluvial Sn and W minerals mapping for mineral resources exploration and research in Segura mining region (Portugal)Publication . Salgueiro, Rute; Grácio, Nuno; Gaspar, Miguel; de Oliveira, Daniel Pipa SoaresSUMÁRIO: Com base em amostras aluvionares em arquivo no LNEG, foi possível conceber mapas de concentração de grãos de cassiterite, volframite e scheelite, para a região mineira de Segura (Castelo Branco) enquadrada na Faixa metalogenética estanho-tungstanífera de Góis-Segura. O padrão de distribuição da concentração de grãos destes minerais de minério de Sn e W, materializa-se em halos concêntricos distintos, em torno do endo/exo-contacto do granito de Segura; estes padrões podem ser correlacionados com distintos eventos metalogenéticos que ocorreram na região, sob controlo estrutural, litológico ou magmático-hidrotermal e em fases distintas, possivelmente com maior sobreposição na parte oeste da mesma. Deste modo, o mapeamento da cassiterite, volframite e scheelite, à escala regional, provou ser útil para ser aplicado à investigação e prospeção de recursos minerais, podendo contribuir para traçar vetores neste tipo de mineralizações de Sn e W.