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- Decarbonization of electricity systems in Europe: market design challengesPublication . Strbac, Goran; Papadaskalopoulos, Dimitrios; Chrysanthopoulos, Nikolaos; Estanqueiro, Ana; Algarvio, Hugo; Lopes, Fernando; Vries, Laurens de; Morales-España, Germán; Sijm, Jos; Hernandez-Serna, Ricardo; Kiviluoma, Juha; Helistö, NiinaABSTRACT: Driven by climate change concerns, Europe has taken significant initiatives toward the decarbonization of its energy system. The European Commission (EC) has set targets for 2030 to achieve at least 40% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions with respect to the 1990 baseline level and cover at least 32% of the total energy consumption in the European Union (EU) through renewable energy sources, predominantly wind and solar generation. However, these technologies are inherently characterized by high variability, limited predictability and controllability, and lack of inertia, significantly increasing the balancing requirements of the system with respect to historical levels. The flexibility burden is currently carried by flexible fossil-fueled conventional generators (mainly gas), which are required to produce significantly less energy (as low operating cost and CO2-free renewable and nuclear generation are prioritized in the merit order) and operate part loaded with frequent startup and shut-down cycles, with devastating effects on their cost efficiency.
- Temporal flexibility options in electricity market simulation models: Deliverable D4.1Publication . Couto, António; Schimeczek, Christoph; José, Débora Regina S.; Algarvio, Hugo; Kochems, Johannes; Nienhaus, Kristina; Pinto, Tiago; Helistö, Niina; Johanndeiter, Silke; Estanqueiro, AnaABSTRACT: This report covers the implementation of temporal flexibility options in TradeRES’ agent-based electricity market simulations models. Within this project, the term “temporal flexibility option” was defined as an asset or measure supporting the power system to balance electric demand and supply and compensate for their stochastic fluctuations stemming from, e.g., weather or consumer behaviour by adjusting demand and/or supply as a function over time or by reducing their forecast uncertainty. Other reports from the same work package of TradeRES are published almost simultaneously, each focussing on another aspect of market model enhancements. These accompanying reports address sectoral flexibility, spatial flexibility, actor types, and modelling requirements for market designs. Flexibility options covered in this report were selected with regard to a predominantly temporal characteristic, a contribution to TradeRES’ assessment of market designs, and the feasibility to be implemented in at least one of the agent based models (ABM) during the project’s lifetime. The technical aspects of “Load shedding”, “Load shifting”, “Electricity storage”, and “Real-time pricing” were selected for implementation. In addition, the following new electricity market products were selected for implementation: “Rolling market clearing”, “Trading with shorter time units”, and “Variable market closure lead times”.
- Market design for a reliable ~100% renewable electricity system: Deliverable D3.5Publication . Morales-España, Germán; Algarvio, Hugo; Vries, Laurens de; Faia, Ricardo; Hernandez-Serna, Ricardo; Johanndeiter, Silke; Couto, António; José, Débora Regina S.; Papadaskalopoulos, Dimitrios; Lopes, Fernando; Strbac, Goran; Sanchez, Ingrid; Kochems, Johannes; Helistö, Niina; Chrysanthopoulos, Nikolaos; Estanqueiro, AnaABSTRACT: The goal of this report is to identify in which respects the design and regulation of electricity markets needs to be improved in order facilitate a (nearly) completely decarbonized electricity system. It provides a basis for scoping the modeling analyses that are to be performed in subsequent work packages in the TradeRES project. These simulations will provide the basis for an update of this deliverable in the form of a more precise description of an all-renewable electricity market design. In this first iteration1 of deliverable 3.5, we analyze how the current design of electricity markets may fall short of future needs. Where there is a lack of certainty about the best market design choices, we identify alternative choices. Alternatives may concern a choice between policy intervention and no intervention or different intervention options. Section 2 outlines current European electricity market design and the key pieces of European legislation that underlie it. The European target model is zonal pricing with bidding zones that are defined as geographic areas within the internal market without structural congestion. That implies that within one bidding zone electricity can be traded without considering grid constraints and there are uniform wholesale prices in each zone. The main European markets are Nordpool, EPEX and MIBEL. Trading between zones in the European Price Coupling Region occurs through an implicit auction where price and quantity are computed for every hour of the next day, using EUPHEMIA, a hybrid algorithm for flowbased market coupling that is considered the best practice in Europe at this time.
- Open-access tool for linking electricity market models: 2nd EditionPublication . Algarvio, Hugo; Helistö, Niina; Kiviluoma, Juha; Jimenez, Ingrid Sanchez; Santos, Gabriel; Schimeczek, Christoph; Wang, Ni
- Performance indicators: quantification of market performance: Deliverable D5.1Publication . Couto, António; Schimeczek, Christoph; Morales-España, Germán; Strbac, Goran; Algarvio, Hugo; Sanchez, Ingrid; Kochems, Johannes; Nienhaus, Kristina; Vries, Laurens de; Helistö, Niina; Chrysanthopoulos, Nikolaos; Hernandez-Serna, Ricardo; Johanndeiter, Silke; Pinto, Tiago; Estanqueiro, AnaABSTRACT: The present deliverable was developed as part of the research activities of the TradeRES project Task 5.1 – Performance indicators: quantification of market performance. This report presents the first version of the deliverable 5.1, which provides a list of the (key) market performance indicators (MPIs) that will be used to assess the impact of elec tricity market designs developed and tested in the TradeRES project. In specific, these indicators will be used in the case studies to assess and quantify the performance of the market designs that were developed in WP3. The foreseen recommendations regarding the evolution of the market design considering a ~100% renewable power system and the dissemination activities will also focus on the performance obtained for the different MPIs. As a first step to defining the TradeRES’ MPIs, internal information was analysed, namely, the objectives and the research questions addressed by the project. To complement this information, several ongoing and completed European projects have been reviewed. For the definition of MPIs, a template was created. The template comprises basic information such as the name and acronym of the MPI, its calculation methodology and optimal value. A total of 48 MPIs were identified, and all were classified into four different group domains identified: technical, economic, environmental and social. The goal of such classification is to facilitate filtering and finding the MPIs of particular interest for the reader.
- Spatial flexibility options in electricity market simulation tools: Deliverable D4.3Publication . Couto, António; Silva, Cátia; Algarvio, Hugo; Faria, Pedro; Pinto, Tiago; Schimeczek, Christoph; José, Débora Regina S.; Morales-España, Germán; Helistö, Niina; Sijm, Jos; Kiviluoma, Juha; Hernandez-Serna, Ricardo; Chrysanthopoulos, Nikolaos; Strbac, Goran; Estanqueiro, AnaABSTRACT: Deliverable D4.3 addresses the spatial flexibility options that are being considered by TradeRES models. D4.3 presents a report describing the spatial flexibility-related modelling components that are already implemented and those that are being designed for integration in TradeRES agent-based models. This report includes the main definitions, concepts and terminology related to spatial flexibility, as means to support the presentation of the specific models that are being developed by the project, namely about flow based market coupling, market spliting, nodal pricing, dynamic line rating, cross border intraday market, cross border reserve market, cross border capacity market, consumer flexibility aggregation, renewable energy aggregation, storage aggregation, electric vehicle aggregation and grid capacity.
- Recommendations for market trading in a ~100% power system : Deliverable D6.5Publication . Algarvio, Hugo; Couto, António; Helistö, Niina; Silke, Johanndeiter; Kiviluoma, Juha; Kochems, Johannes; Nienhaus, Kristina; Jimenez, Ingrid Sanchez; Santos, Gabriel; Schimeczek, Christoph; Sijm, Jos; Syse, Helleik; Wolff, Russe
- Design and operation of energy systems with large amounts of variable generation: Final summary report, IEA Wind TCP Task 25Publication . Holttinen, Hannele; Kiviluoma, Juha; Helistö, Niina; Levy, Thomas; Menemenlis, Nickie; Jun, Liu; Cutululis, Nicolaos Antonio; Koivisto, Matti; Das, Kaushik; Orths, Antje; Eriksen, Peter Børre; Neau, Emmanuel; Bourmaud, Jean-Yves; Dobschinski, Jan; Pellinger, Christoph; von Roon, Serafin; Guminski, Andrej; Flynn, Damian; Carlini, Enrico Maria; Yasuda, Yoh; Tanabe, Ryuya; Watson, Simon; van der Meer, Arjen; Morales-España, Germán; Korpås, Magnus; Vrana, Til Kristian; Estanqueiro, Ana; Couto, António; Silva, Bernardo; Martínez, Sergio Martín; Söder, Lennart; Strbac, Goran; Pudjianto, Danny; Giannelos, Spyros; Frew, Bethany; Hodge, Bri-Mathias; Shah, Shahil; Smith, J. Charles; Lew, Debbie; O'Malley, Mark; Klonari, VasilikiABSTRACT: This report summarises findings on wind integration from the 17 countries or sponsors participating in the International Energy Agency Wind Technology Collaboration Programme (IEA Wind TCP) Task 25 from 2006–2020. Both real experience and studies are reported. Many wind integration studies incorporate solar energy, and most of the results discussed here are valid for other variable renewables in addition to wind. The national case studies address several impacts of wind power on electric power systems. In this report, they are grouped under long-term planning issues and short-term operational impacts. Long-term planning issues include grid planning and capacity adequacy. Short-term operational impacts include reliability, stability, reserves, and maximising the value of wind in operational timescales (balancing related issues). The first section presents the variability and uncertainty of power system-wide wind power, and the last section presents recent studies toward 100% shares of renewables. The appendix provides a summary of ongoing research in the national projects contributing to Task 25 for 2021–2024. The design and operation of power and energy systems is an evolving field. As ambitious targets toward net-zero carbon energy systems are announced globally, many scenarios are being made regarding how to reach these future decarbonized energy systems, most of them involving large amounts of variable renewables, mainly wind and solar energy. The secure operation of power systems is increasingly challenging, and the impacts of variable renewables, new electrification loads together with increased distribution system resources will lead to somewhat different challenges for different systems. Tools and methods to study future power and energy systems also need to evolve, and both short term operational aspects (such as power system stability) and long-term aspects (such as resource adequacy) will probably see new paradigms of operation and design. The experience of operating and planning systems with large amounts of variable generation is accumulating, and research to tackle the challenges of inverter-based, nonsynchronous generation is on the way. Energy transition and digitalization also bring new flexibility opportunities, both short and long term.
- User guide for TradeRES models and tools (D6.2.1): 2nd EditionPublication . Schimeczek, Christoph; Santos, Gabriel; Algarvio, Hugo; Jimenez, Ingrid Sanchez; Helistö, Niina