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- Ensuring Fairness in Global Energy Transition: The Role of the Eu Carbon Border Adjustment MechanismPublication . Leite, Ana Beatriz; Ponce Leao, Maria TeresaABSTRACT: The European Union’s Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM), as part of the Fit for 55 package, introduces a carbon pricing policy for imports from carbon-intensive sectors to mitigate carbon leakage and level the playing field in global trade. This article analyses the potential of CBAM to promote fairness and transparency in climate policy, both within and beyond the EU. We examine its integration with the EU Emissions Trading System (EU ETS), analyses the complementarity of both systems, evaluate its Monitoring, Reporting and Verification (MRV) system, and present a multi-criteria regional comparison based on environmental, circular, and social standards. The steel sector serves as a case study to illustrate economic implications and the effectiveness of carbon pricing models. Our findings suggest that while CBAM can reduce emissions and encourage innovation, its fairness depends on careful implementation, support mechanisms for developing countries, and continuous alignment with international climate goals.
- Foresighting Scenarios for Green Hydrogen in Portugal: Systematization of Potential Futures and Identification of Bottlenecks and ConstraintsPublication . Vieira, Mário; Alves, Marco; Simoes, Sofia; Quental, Lídia; Catarino, Justina; Ribeiro Pinto, Paulo Jorge; Oliveira, Paula; Simões, TeresaABSTRACT: The use of green hydrogen has emerged as a promising avenue for facilitating the decarbonization of society. In this study, the potential futures of green hydrogen in Portugal, a key player in Europe's energy transition, are explored. Utilizing General Morphological Analysis combined with advanced clustering, the various political, social, and technological elements are analyzed to create a multifaceted view of the sector's future. This results in seven distinct scenario clusters, each offering unique insights into the challenges and opportunities for green hydrogen. The scenarios span a range of outcomes, from rapid growth fueled by strong policy support and technological advancements to more measured development due to economic or infrastructural hurdles. This study intends to provide stakeholders a deep understanding of the factors influencing green hydrogen's role in Portugal's push towards a sustainable energy landscape by 2030. These results provide a basis for the development of new projects and research directions, providing them with the necessary knowledge to make informed decisions. Moreover, this study will contribute to decision support by facilitating actions aimed at fostering the appropriate development of green hydrogen.