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- Circular economy modelling for climate change mitigation: A review of empirical evidence and modelling approachesPublication . Zanon Zotin, Marianne; Fortes, Patricia; Corbier, Darius; Deetman, Sebastiaan; Edelenbosch, Oreane; van Engelenburg, Martijn; Hauenstein, Christian; Hertwich, Edgar; Jiang, Meng; von Köckritz, Luja; Magalar, Leticia; Pauliuk, Stefan; Straub, Lucas; Vélez-Henao, Johan; van Vuuren, DetlefABSTRACT: Circular economy (CE) measures can play a role in reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, especially in material- and energy-intensive sectors. Yet, their representation in GHG mitigation pathways is still not well captured in climate change mitigation models. To support modelling efforts towards better CE representation, two reviews were conducted: (1) the empirical evidence on the GHG mitigation potential of CE strategies across material supply and demand sectors and R-strategies, and (2) the current modelling approaches used to assess these strategies. Findings show that, while most studies focus on recycling, increasing attention is given to upstream strategies such as material substitution, design for reuse, and service-based business models. Important gaps remain, particularly around Refuse, Rethink, behavioural factors, rebound effects, as well as synergies and trade-offs with climate policy. Industrial ecology methods provide a detailed material flows representation but lack feedback mechanisms and economic dynamics. In contrast, GHG mitigation models offer broader system coverage but often simplify materials and CE dynamics. Better alignment between methods is needed, including shared definitions, improved data, and more collaboration across modelling communities. Strengthening the modelling of CE strategies can support policy-relevant assessments of CE’s contribution to achieving global climate goals.
- Mapping less sensitive areas with a view to the potential installation of solar and wind electricity generation units [Comunicação oral]Publication . Simoes, Sofia; Barbosa, Juliana Pacheco; Oliveira, Paula; Simões, Teresa; Quental, Lídia; Costa, Paula; Picado, Ana; Catarino, Justina; Patinha, Pedro
- National energy and material flows along the building supply chain in the EUPublication . Barbosa, Juliana Pacheco; Simoes, Sofia; Jordao, Cristine; Mao, Ruichang; Aloini, Davide; Zerbino, Pierluigi; Mabroum, Safaa; Montalbano, Giammarco; Sameer, Husam; Dürr, Hans H.; Jerónimo, B.; Maçãs Lima, Ana TeresaABSTRACT: Construction activity is responsible for substantial greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, but most of these reflect only a single stage of the building construction supply chain. Closing the gap, this work presents a cross-supply-chain perspective on annual material and energy consumption and GHG emissions for the sector on the European scale. These are estimated at the country level, disaggregated for raw material extraction, material manufacturing, demolition, and several intermediary transport stages. The study underscores cement, steel, flat glass, and ceramic bricks as manufactured materials; and sand, limestone, clay, iron ore, and coal as raw materials. Estimates consider both new construction and renovation, across varied typologies of residential and non-residential buildings. The results show that new construction & renovation of the building stock emits 235.31 Mt of CO2 annually, excluding energy consumption for building operations. These are associated with the consumption of circa 1 994.29 Mt raw and construction materials, and circa 1 990.27 PJ of final energy per year. These figures correspond to 4.33% of the total EU values (45 923 PJ). New building construction and renovation account for 63% of the materials used, while the material manufacturing stage accounts for 74% of the final energy consumption. By adopting a full supply chain perspective at the European level, we can support the development of holistic and more targeted public policies to decarbonize the sector.
- Portugal Offshore Wind, Green Hydrogen, and Sustainable Fuels: Power-to-X PathwaysPublication . Simoes, Sofia; Portillo, Juan C. C.; Simões, Teresa; Estanqueiro, Ana; Catarino, Justina; Costa, Paula; Oliveira, Paula; Ribeiro Pinto, Paulo Jorge; Lopes, Fernando; Lopes, Tiago; Gano, António; Duarte de Castro Fontes, Maria Margarida; Gírio, FranciscoABSTRACT: Portugal has a vast coastal area and significant offshore wind resources. The country has set ambitious targets and designated specific areas for offshore wind development. Current national policies are actively encouraging investment in these projects. This report compiles the latest strategies for offshore wind and green hydrogen in Portugal. It introduces the Power-to-X (P2X) concept, explores potential offshore wind-based P2X business models, and outlines the key processes and technologies involved. It also maps potential consumers of green hydrogen, along with the associated supply chains for hydrogen and sustainable fuels. A techno-economic analysis was conducted to identify viable pathways for Portugal. This involved selecting one of the planned offshore wind zones and, based on its location and potential capacity, determining the optimal onshore site and scale for a hydrogen and sustainable fuels hub. The report presents a comparative evaluation of seven scenarios, offering valuable insights for both public and private sector stakeholders.
- Stakeholder views of land conflicts in utility-scale solar energy: toward a spatial assessment toolPublication . Alves, André; Simoes, SofiaABSTRACT: Renewable energy sources (RESs) power plants, particularly solar photovoltaic (PV) infrastructure, are being deployed at an unprecedented scale to allow the transition to carbon neutrality. Rapid expansion of PV facilities cannot proceed without careful consideration of spatial planning and environmental impacts. Although social acceptance of RES is generally high, there is little consensus on where such plants should be located, as stakeholders perceive their impacts in diverse and often conflicting ways. This study aimed to (i) assess the spatial distribution of planned utility-scale solar power plants (SPP) in Portugal in relation to environmentally and culturally sensitive areas; (ii) analyse stakeholder perceptions of SPP impacts across different land uses and territorial settings; and (iii) develop an impact index that incorporates stakeholder information to classify PV projects by degree of impact. An online survey was conducted to examine perceived impacts associated with SPP development, and a classification methodology was designed using an additive aggregation method to produce a geographic information system-based index to classify projects. The questionnaire answers reveal substantial heterogeneity in individual preferences but also indicate intragroup convergence and intergroup divergence among stakeholder groups. The impact index provides a framework for classifying land-use conflicts related to large-scale solar projects and enables preliminary assessment of planned developments in relation to stakeholder alignment. These findings contribute to spatial energy planning by demonstrating how stakeholder perceptions of land-related impacts can be operationalised to inform siting decisions for RES plants.