Economia de Recursos - ER
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- Abordagem ao ciclo de vida : reintegração de materiais em fim de vidaPublication . Duarte, Ana Paula; Frazão, Rui
- Abordagem ao ciclo de vida: aplicação a produtos de betãoPublication . Frazão, Rui; Duarte, Ana Paula
- Adaptation to climate change in cities of Mediterranean EuropePublication . Pietrapertosa, Filomena; Olazabal, Marta; Simoes, Sofia; Salvia, Monica; Fokaides, Paris; Ioannou, Byron I.; Viguie, Vincent; Spyridaki, Niki-Artemis; Hurtado, Sonia De Gregorio; Geneletti, Davide; Heidrich, Oliver; Tardieu, Léa; Feliu, Efren; Rižnar, Klavdija; Matosović, Marko; Balzan, Mario V.; Flamos, Alexandros; Sel, Natasa Belsak; Reckien, DianaABSTRACT: Cities across Mediterranean Europe face common climatic threats. They are highly vulnerable and very likely to suffer losses and damages due to heat waves, droughts, wildfires, landslides, and extreme coastal events. To this date, however, there is no systematic understanding of how cities in Mediterranean Europe are preparing to adapt to these impacts. To address this question, we analyse local adaptation plans in 73 cities located in 51 regions across 9 European countries along the Mediterranean Sea (France, Italy, Spain, Greece, Portugal, Croatia, Slovenia, Cyprus and Malta). We also investigate upper levels of planning to understand the influence of policy environments. Across the sample, 67 % of regions have adopted a plan, but only 30 % of the cities. The most common climate-related hazards these cities prepare for are extreme temperatures and rainfall, followed by drought and water scarcity, as well as floods and landslides. Without legal obligations, neither regional nor national adaptation policy frameworks seem to influence the development of urban plans. In some cases, cities are ahead of national policy. This paper sheds light on the progress of local adaptation planning in Mediterranean Europe and paves the way for further research in this climate-threatened geographical area.
- Addressing rising energy needs of megacities : case study of Greater CairoPublication . Alla, Sara Abd; Simoes, Sofia; Bianco, VincenzoABSTRACT: Urban energy system modelling allows megacities to assess their future development and to draw sustainable pathways to meet the rapidly increasing energy needs. This paper elaborates three different scenarios for energy transition in Greater Cairo with particular emphasis on the impact of lowering the share of inhabitants living in informal settlements. A city-specific TIMES energy system model is used to investigate how energy supply and demand will evolve between 2015 and 2050. Besides, the impacts in final energy consumption and CO2 emissions are investigated considering different socio-economic pathways. The scenarios show that the long-term cost-efficiency optimization leads to the decarbonization of the power sector even in the absence of climate constraints. Climate policies are modeled to achieve by 2050 a carbon emissions reduction of 50% below the 2015 baseline. The results indicate that the implementation of current urban plans will double the carbon emissions per capita if no mitigation policies are adopted. The urban expansion programs need to take into consideration the energy-environment economic nexus and to be coupled with climate mitigation policies to contain the rising carbon emissions.
- Advancing participatory energy systems modellingPublication . McGookin, Connor; Süsser, Diana; Xexakis, Georgios; Trutnevyte, Evelina; McDowall, Will; Nikas, Alexandros; Koasidis, Konstantinos; Few, Sheridan; Andersen, Per Dannemand; Demski, Christina; Fortes, Patricia; Simoes, Sofia; Bishop, Christopher; Rogan, Fionn; Ó Gallachóir, BrianABSTRACT: Energy system models are important tools to guide our understanding of current and future carbon dioxide emissions as well as to inform strategies for emissions reduction. These models offer a vital evidence base that increasingly underpins energy and climate policies in many countries. In light of this important role in policy formation, there is growing interest in, and demands for, energy modellers to integrate more diverse perspectives on possible and preferred futures into the modelling process. The main purpose of this is to ensure that the resultant policy decisions are both fairer and better reflect people's concerns and preferences. However, while there has been a focus in the literature on efforts to bring societal dimensions into modelling tools, there remains a limited number of examples of well-structured participatory energy systems modelling processes and no available how-to guidance. This paper addresses this gap by providing good practice guidance for integrating stakeholder and public involvement in energy systems modelling based on the reflections of a diverse range of experts from this emergent field. The framework outlined in this paper offers multiple entry points for modellers to incorporate participatory elements either throughout the process or in individual stages. Recognising the messiness of both fields (energy systems modelling and participatory research), the good practice principles are not comprehensive or set in stone, but rather pose important questions to steer this process. Finally, the reflections on key issues provide a summary of the crucial challenges and important areas for future research in this critical field.
- Água para a produção de hidrogénio verde (renovável) via eletrólise em PortugalPublication . Simoes, Sofia; Amorim, Filipa; Catarino, Justina; Rangel, C. M.; Lopes, Tiago; Gírio, Francisco; Picado, Ana; Ponce Leao, Maria TeresaRESUMO: O hidrogénio está na ordem do dia das agendas da política mundial. Em Portugal, o hidrogénio verde é considerado no planeamento estratégico: o Plano Nacional Energia e Clima (PNEC 2030) refere valores de H2 em 2030 de 2,27 PJ (22 697 t) que representam aproximadamente 304 000m3 de água (0,4% do volume de águas residuais tratadas com tratamentos terciários em 2018); o Roteiro Nacional para a Neutralidade Carbónica (RNC 2050) refere valores de H2 em 2030 de 1,25-1,29 PJ (10 417 – 10 750 t), cerca de 144 000m3 (0,2% do volume de águas residuais tratadas com tratamentos terciários em 2018); a Estratégia Nacional para o Hidrogénio EN-H2, cerca de refere valores de H2 em 2030 de 50 PJ (416 666 t) que representam aproximadamente 6 050 000m3 de água (~1% do volume de águas residuais tratadas com tratamentos terciários em 2018).
- An integrated program of characterisation and effects evaluation of nanoparticles in the aquatic environemntPublication . Picado, Ana; Correia, J.B.; Mendonça, E.; Diniz, M. S.
- Analyzing the Applicability of Random Forest-Based Models for the Forecast of Run-of-River Hydropower GenerationPublication . Sessa, Valentina; Bossy, Mireille; Simoes, SofiaABSTRACT: Analyzing the impact of climate variables into the operational planning processes is essential for the robust implementation of a sustainable power system. This paper deals with the modeling of the run-of-river hydropower production based on climate variables on the European scale. A better understanding of future run-of-river generation patterns has important implications for power systems with increasing shares of solar and wind power. Run-of-river plants are less intermittent than solar or wind but also less dispatchable than dams with storage capacity. However, translating time series of climate data (precipitation and air temperature) into time series of run-of-river-based hydropower generation is not an easy task as it is necessary to capture the complex relationship between the availability of water and the generation of electricity. This task is also more complex when performed for a large interconnected area. In this work, a model is built for several European countries by using machine learning techniques. In particular, we compare the accuracy of models based on the Random Forest algorithm and show that a more accurate model is obtained when a finer spatial resolution of climate data is introduced. We then discuss the practical applicability of a machine learning model for the medium term forecasts and show that some very context specific but influential events are hard to capture.
- Aproveitar a crise para um novo paradigma de desenvolvimento sustentávelPublication . Simoes, SofiaRESUMO: A 26ª Conferência das Partes (COP) da Convenção Quadro das Nações Unidas sobre Alterações Climáticas está agendada para o final de outubro e decorre até meados de novembro. A 5 de outu bro de 2021 o prémio Nobel da Física foi atribuído a dois cientistas que estudam as alterações climáticas. Os preços de energia nos mercados europeus estão a atingir níveis elevadíssimos nunca an tes observados, que levam vários decisores nacionais e europeus a reequacionar o desenho dos mercados de energia. Com menos destaque na comunicação social, decorre também em outubro de 2021 uma outra convenção da ONU, a da Biodiversidade (diversidade biológica). Estamos a assistir a uma rutura na cadeia mundial no abastecimento de semicondutores e micro-chips, o que poderá causar uma descida até um ponto percentual apenas no PIB dos Estados Unidos da América e levou o seu Governo a adotar várias ações.