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- Optimised photocatalytic H2 production using nanostructured low cost and sustainable photocatalystsPublication . Esteves, M. Alexandra; Brites, Maria João de Sousa; Capelo, Anabela; Pinheiro, Carla I.C.; Lanham, Ana; Ramos, Diana; Pedro, GuilhermeABSTRACT: The SPECTRUM project aims to design, develop, prototype, and test lab-scale solar collectors that effectively utilise the entire solar spectrum to cogenerate heat, electricity and hydrogen. SPECTRUM Work package 1 is dedicated to the optimization of the photocatalytic process of industrial wastewater (IWW) treatment and hydrogen generation and is divided in four tasks. This deliverable D1.3 provides an account of the activities carried out in Task 1.3, “Optimization of Photocatalytic H₂ Production Process at Laboratory Scale,” as well as the results achieved during its duration. The photocatalysts developed in Task 1.2, “Development of nanostructured low cost and sustainable photocatalyst”, were tested for hydrogen production in a slurry type batch reactor using UV radiation as light source. In these preliminary assays, synthetic aqueous solutions containing ethanol or glycerol as sacrificial agent (SA) were used to test the performance of a first series of copper decorated TiO2 nanoparticles (NP) photocatalysts. A comprehensive series of experiments enabled the selection of the most effective photocatalyst, Cu-decorated TiO2 nanoparticles with 6 weight % of copper (Cu/TNP-6). This photocatalyst was then utilized with aqueous solutions of ethanol or glycerol to optimize three key operational parameters — pH, photocatalyst concentration, and sacrificial agent concentration. The same methodology was subsequently applied to evaluate the performance of two additional copper-based photocatalyst sets developed in Task 1.2: copper-decorated TiO₂ nanotubes and copper/biochar-decorated TiO₂ nanoparticles.
- Development of nanostructured sustainable photocatalysts for industrial wastewater remediation with co-generation of H2Publication . Esteves, M. Alexandra; Brites, Maria João de Sousa; Capelo, Anabela; Pasquini, Luca; Mazzaro, RaffaelloABSTRACT: The SPECTRUM project aims to design, develop, prototype, and test lab-scale solar collectors that effectively utilize the entire solar spectrum to cogenerate heat, electricity and hydrogen using industrial wastewater. This report presents the results of the activities developed in Task 1.2 Development of nanostructured low cost and sustainable photocatalysts of SPECTRUM’s Work Package 1, Optimization of the photocatalytic process of wastewater treatment and hydrogen generation. One of the Specific Objectives (SO1) of the SPECTRUM project is to develop low cost and sustainable nanostructured photocatalysts for synergetic pollutants degradation and H2 generation. With this goal, nanostructured titanium dioxide (TiO₂) photocatalysts were developed using copper as an efficient and economical co-catalyst, suitable for large-scale hydrogen production systems. Two series of copper-decorated TiO2 photocatalysts were synthesized, one based on TiO2 nanoparticles (NP) (Series I) and another based on TiO2 nanotubes (NT) (Series II).
- D4.1: NECP Man0EUvRE vision: Analyses of the NECPs of the considered countriesPublication . Charousset-Brignol, Sandrine; Calmels, Marie-Ann Evans; Arvesen, Anders; Kaltsas, Ilias; Kirkil, Gokhan; Gutjahr, Sandra Franziska; T.Szabó, Ágnes Csilla; Kochems, Johannes; Nienhaus, Kristina; Eschmann, Jonas; Baldauf, Thomas; Moskalenko, Nikita; Mantilla, Carlos; Lechón, Yolanda; Couto, António; Sousa, Viviane; Graça, Pedro; Mathisen, Siri; Estanqueiro, AnaABSTRACT: The development of the energy system at both national and European levels requires effective coordination between national and European energy transition plans, to ensure consistency. The overall aim of this project is to improve and coordinate energy system modelling across Europe and provide open scientific evidence and research-based results that facilitate ambitious emissions reductions for a clean energy transition (CET), while incorporating the measures suggested in REPowerEU and recent policy suggestions of the Fit for 55 package and the Net Zero Industrial act. The objectives of Man0EUvRE are: 1. To develop robust pathways for the European energy system that meet climate targets towards net-zero greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and consider current policies like the REPowerEU plan. 2. To provide feedback and advice to the National Energy and Climate Plans (NECPs) of the individual EU countries. 3. To improve a set of models for conducting energy transition studies at both European and national level, which can support NECP generation, evaluation and future updates. 4. To publish consistent energy system modelling datasets and scenario projections at both European and national level. 5. To strengthen the coordination between national energy plans and EU-wide transition goals. As part of the Clean Energy for all Europeans package, the EU member states have submitted national energy and climate plans (NECP) covering the period 2021-2030 and addressing how the country will work towards the binding targets common for the EU. NECPs are conducted in each member state individually, each one having its own representation of European strategies and pathways. One objective of Man0EuvRE was then to evaluate the current available NECPs or equivalent for countries included in Man0EuvRE, to develop a methodology for how Man0EUvRE models can be used in NECP analyses and how national results could be replicated to other countries, to communicate with stakeholders and to develop advice and recommendations to the NECP responsible in each country.
- Man0EUvRE: Deliverable 3.1: Executive Summaries of Case StudiesPublication . Esmaeili Aliabadi, Danial; Mantilla, Carlos; Lechón, Yolanda; Haaskjold, Kristina; Sazon, Thor Alexis; Seljom, Pernille; Forsberg, Jonas; Krook Riekkola, Anna; Arvesen, Anders; Mathisen, Siri; Belsnes, Michael Martin; Nienhaus, Kristina; Baldauf, Thomas; Eschmann, Jonas; Kochems, Johannes; Gutjahr, Sandra Franziska; Kirkil, Gokhan; Kaltsas, Ilias; Kannavou, Maria; Charousset-Brignol, Sandrine; Couto, António; Estanqueiro, Ana; Sousa, Viviane; Graça, Pedro; Barani, Mostafa; Löffler, KonstantinABSTRACT: European energy systems across the case studies collectively show that Europe can become both self-reliant and an exporter of low-carbon energy carriers if policies and investments unlock regional strengths and the right flexibility instruments are put in place. Southern states with abundant solar energy (e.g. Portugal, Spain, Greece, Turkey) can scale renewables and electrolysis. Scandinavia’s hydropower offers system-scale flexibility that stabilises high variable renewable energy (VRE) penetration, and cross-model comparisons demonstrate that combining broad, cross-sectoral modelling with detailed power-system studies reveals complementary roles for exports, seasonal storage and short-term balancing. Studies of Germany and Hungary underline the critical role of dispatchable, negative-emission options—such as bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS)—to avoid reliance on fossil backstops, while agent-based macroeconomic results show that changing global energy factor prices will reshape (not necessarily hollow out) industrial activity.
- Man0EUvRE: Energy System Modelling for Transition to a net-Zero 2050 for EU via REPowerEU: Deliverable 3.1 Executive Summaries of Case StudiesPublication . Esmaeili Aliabadi, Danial; Mantilla, Carlos; Lechón, Yolanda; Haaskjold, Kristina; Arvesen, Anders; Baldauf, Thomas; Eschmann, Jonas; Kochems, Johannes; Gutjahr, Sandra Franziska; Kirkil, Gokhan; Kaltsas, Ilias; Kannavou, Maria; Charousset-Brignol, Sandrine; Couto, António; Estanqueiro, Ana; Barani, Mostafa; Löffler, Konstantin; Nienhaus, Kristina; Belsnes, Michael Martin; Mathisen, SiriABSTRACT: This document is related to Deliverable 3.1 of the Man0EUvRE project, in which we report modelling activities of nine case studies from various countries. Each case study addresses a question from a regional perspective while considering the general assumptions of the consortium through established scenarios. We follow a consistent reporting format across all case studies, allowing readers who are interested in a specific region or question to skip other cases without losing essential context. Based on our preliminary findings, European energy systems across the case studies collectively show that Europe can become both self-reliant and an exporter of low-carbon energy carriers if policies and investments unlock regional strengths and the right flexibility instruments are put in place. Southern states with abundant solar energy (e.g., Portugal, Spain, Greece, Turkey) can scale renewables and electrolysis. Scandinavia’s hydropower offers system-scale flexibility that stabilises high variable renewable energy (VRE) penetration, and cross-model comparisons demonstrate that combining broad, cross-sectoral modelling with detailed power-system studies reveals complementary roles for exports, seasonal storage and short-term balancing. Studies of Germany and Hungary underline the critical role of dispatchable, negative-emission options—such as bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS)—to avoid reliance on fossil backstops, while agent-based macroeconomic results show that changing global energy factor prices will reshape (not necessarily hollow out) industrial activity.
- Turbulence-MethodsPublication . Lima, Margarida
- Porosity Effect in a Molten Salt ThermoclinePublication . Lima, Margarida; Costa, Paula SilvaABSTRACT: Thermal Energy Storage (TES) is essential for solar energy applications when the demand is not in phase with the supply of Solar Energy Molten salt thermocline storage tanks and can be a low cost option for thermal energy storage in Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) systems. To analyze the dynamics of a one tank a 2D already validated with data obtained from literature (Rojas, 2013) accounts separately for filler and molten salt regions due to their different thermos-physical properties. In the tank, between hot and cold zones a temperature gradient is established. This interface zone, called thermocline, is responsible for the whole performance of the storage tank. Properties of fillers and molten salt can increase substantially the one tank efficiency by improving its stratification. This work analyses the particles size of filler in a specific set in order to account for the influence of this parameter in the performance of the storage thermocline tank. The work makes a review on the effect of the aspect ratio in the thermocline performance and ends with a mixture of the two influences.
- Differential Equations and Courant Number: A short studyPublication . Lima, MargaridaABSTRACT: The considerations presented in this report result from the analysis performed in the context of the project NewSol. Even if it is not pertinent to the development of the work, they were needed to obtain a correct modelling. While modeling is being done, a theoretical support was carried on. To give support to the chosen method, or going in some direction, several methods were presented for comparison.
- Aplicações a Engenharia: Algumas aplicações do Software ANSYS FluentPublication . Lima, MargaridaRESUMO: Com uma larga experiência, o Computer Fluid Dynamic (CFD) ANSYS é referência mundial em simulação computacional. As suas ferramentas são usadas por líderes de mercado para transformar a maneira de projetar, permitindo aos engenheiros explorar e prever como os produtos vão funcionar no mundo real. O objetivo é, reduzir custos com protótipos e tempo de produção, melhorar a qualidade, diminuir riscos, acelerando a inovação em todos os setores para ultrapassar os limites previstos nas diferentes áreas do saber. A plataforma de trabalho do ANSYS é atrativa e intuitiva. Nela inicia-se o modelo ou os componentes dos modelos a construir em geral em 2D ou 3D. Tem compatibilidade como CAD e outros programas. No caso da termodinâmica, fluidos sem ou com componentes (thermoclines ) utiliza-se o pacote de Fluids. Com ele resolvem-se as equações de convecção, turbulência e mesmo da radiação nas fronteiras que definem o projeto em causa. Também se analisam as componentes que se podem otimizar em função do estudo pretendido. Os meios porosos estão, pois, largamente incluídos.
- Megafloat inicial state of ArtPublication . Lima, Margarida