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- Resultados e conclusões do GTAER : Grupo de Trabalho para a definição das Áreas de Aceleração de Energias RenováveisPublication . Simoes, Sofia; Barbosa, Juliana; Oliveira, Paula; Quental, Lídia; Simões, Teresa; Catarino, Justina; Rodrigues, Carlos; Costa, Paula; Patinha, Pedro; Picado, AnaRESUMO: Este documento apresenta os resultados e conclusões do GTAER (Grupo de Trabalho para a definição das áreas de Aceleração de Energias Renováveis) criado pelo Despacho n.º 11912/2023. Uma parte importante do documento foca o objetivo de consolidar e robustecer o trabalho realizado na identificação das áreas com menor sensibilidade para a localização de unidades de produção de eletricidade renovável. Este trabalho desenvolve-se na sequência do trabalho anteriormente realizado pelo grupo de trabalho informal em atividade entre setembro de 2022 e janeiro de 2023 e que foi alvo de atualização pelo LNEG em junho de 2023. São também apresentados elementos no que respeita a: • potencial de implementação de unidades de geração em superfícies artificializadas; • proposta das áreas de aceleração de energias renováveis; • proposta de regras adequadas à implementação dos projetos de energias renováveis nestas áreas e as medidas de mitigação aplicáveis; • proposta de método de disponibilização pública das áreas de aceleração de energias renováveis a designar, bem como a metodologia para a sua revisão e a periodicidade associada.
- Environmental management of wastewater treatment plants : the added value of the ecotoxicological approachPublication . Mendonça, E.; Picado, Ana; Cunha, Maria Ana; Catarino, Justina
- Atlas Nacional do H2 Verde SustentávelPublication . Ponce Leao, Maria Teresa; Simoes, Sofia; Simões, Teresa; Quental, Lídia; Catarino, Justina; Amorim, Filipa; Brás, Teresa; Patinha, Pedro; Lopes, Tiago; Rodrigues, Carlos; Machado, Susana; Rangel, C. M.; Gírio, Francisco; Picado, AnaRESUMO: O "Atlas Nacional do H2 Verde Sustentável" tem como objetivo apoiar o processo de decisão quanto à localização de projetos de produção de hidrogénio verde no território de Portugal continental. O Atlas foi desenvolvido pelo LNEG em colaboração com várias entidades públicas e privadas nacionais. De uma forma mais geral, apoia à a transição para um país neutro em carbono, desenvolvendo uma economia de baixo carbono, liderando em inovação e desenvolvimento tecnológico.
- Ecotoxicological evaluation of wastewater in a municipal WWTP in Lisbon area (Portugal)Publication . Mendonça, E.; Picado, Ana; Paixão, Susana M.; Silva, Luís; Barbosa, Marta; Cunha, Maria AnaWastewater management has a central role in sustainable development, and, in this context, an integrated management of wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) can be important. WWTP discharge complex effluents and for a new strategy in environmental protection ecotoxicological evaluation should complement the usual chemical evaluation. The EU project WW4Environment was set up for a WWTP located in Lisbon area and discharging into Tagus estuary (Portugal). One of the main objectives of the project is to optimize the management of the WWTP in terms of environmental impact. A battery of toxicity tests with organisms bearing different functions at the ecosystem level (the bacterium Vibrio fischeri, the alga Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, the crustaceans Thamnocephalus platyurus and Daphnia magna, and the plant Lemna minor) was used to characterize the wastewater in the different treatment phases. V. fischeri, test organism for Microtox test, was the most sensitive species in WWTP samples evaluation. Microtox, Alga, and Daphnia tests were able to distinguish two levels of treatment and to assess toxicity removal efficiency. The results demonstrated not only that the treatment efficiently reduced wastewater toxicity, but also that the use of an ecotoxicological approach can contribute to the environmental management of the treatment plant.
- Histological and ultrastructural observations of daphina magna exposed to diamon nanoparticlesPublication . Matos, A. Alves de; Diniz, M. S.; Mendonça, E.; Peres, I.; Silva, Luís; Correia, J.B.; Picado, Ana
- Protein profiling as early detection biomarkers for TiO2 nanoparticle toxicity in Daphnia magnaPublication . Sá-Pereira, Paula; Diniz, Mário S.; Moita, Liliana; Pinheiro, Teresa; Mendonça, E.; Paixão, Susana M.; Picado, AnaABSTRACT: The mode of action for nanoparticle (NP) toxicity in aquatic organisms is not yet fully understood. In this work, a strategy other than toxicity testing was applied to Daphnia magna exposed to TiO2-NPs: the use of nuclear microscopy and the assessment of protein profile. D. magna is a keystone species broadly used as a model system in ecotoxicology. Titanium (Ti) was found in the D. magna digestive tract, mainly in the gut. The penetration of Ti into the epithelial region was greater at higher exposure levels and also observed in eggs in the brood pouch. The protein profile of individuals exposed to different concentrations showed that 2.8 and 5.6 mg/L TiO2-NP concentrations induced an over-expression of the majority of proteins, in particular proteins with molecular weight of similar to 120, 85 and 15 kDa, while 11.2 mg/L TiO2-NP had an inhibitory effect on protein expression. The Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization with tandem time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/TOF MS) analysis of these proteins consistently identified them as vitellogenin (Vtg)-like proteins, associated with enzymes involved in redox balance. These results indicate that Vtg-like proteins are up-regulated in D. magna exposed to TiO2-NPs. Vitellogenesis is associated with the reproduction system, suggesting that TiO2-NP exposure can impair reproduction by affecting this process. The precise mode of action of TiO2-NPs is still unclear and the results from this study are a first attempt to identify specific proteins as potential markers of TiO2-NP toxicity in D. magna, providing useful information for future research.
- Economia do Hidrogénio Verde: Ferramentas para o Apoio à Decisão [Poster]Publication . Simoes, Sofia; Simões, Teresa; Quental, Lídia; Catarino, Justina; Amorim, Filipa; Brás, Teresa; Patinha, Pedro; Lopes, Tiago; Rodrigues, Carlos; Machado, Susana; Rangel, C. M.; Gírio, Francisco; Picado, Ana; Ponce Leao, Maria Teresa; Portillo, Juan C. C.RESUMO: O Hidrogénio (H2) Verde perspetiva-se como um vetor energético indispensável para alcançar a neutralidade carbónica em 2050, porém a economia deste vetor está em desenvolvimento e os agentes económicos precisam de fontes de informação confiáveis e ajustadas ao contexto nacional e Europeu. Neste sentido, o LNEG desenvolve investigação em vários domínios relacionados com o H2 verde, desde o estudo e desenvolvimento de processos de produção eficientes até a análise e modelos de negócios para estudar a viabilidade económica das cadeias de valor, passando pela análise de políticas públicas e ao mesmo tempo fornecendo informação de alto valor acrescentado para o apoio à decisão de entidades públicas e privadas. Com o objetivo de estabelecer pontes entre a investigação e a economia do H2 verde foram criadas ferramentas associadas à avaliação de projetos presentes e futuros em todas as cadeias de valor relacionadas. Uma destas ferramentas é o Atlas Nacional do H2 Verde Sustentável (LNEG, 2022) disponível para o público desde 2022 e que está a ser atualizado para incorporar os custos de produção, transporte e distribuição do hidrogénio verde em Portugal. O LNEG participa em importantes agendas mobilizadoras, como a Moving2Neutrality (LNEG, 2023) ou a H2Driven (LNEG, 2024), as quais abordam o desafio da transição energética no setor dos transportes, produzindo combustíveis sustentáveis, com um foco no hidrogénio e e-combustíveis verdes. O LNEG está a desenvolver um simulador de custos nivelados do hidrogénio incluindo todas as fases da cadeia de valor (produção, armazenagem, distribuição e transformação) produto da investigação do LNEG com os parceiros da agenda e que será disponibilizado em 2024 para o público geral. Este Poster apresenta o trabalho desenvolvido e em curso para estas ferramentas.
- An integrated program of characterisation and effects evaluation of nanoparticles in the aquatic environemntPublication . Picado, Ana; Correia, J.B.; Mendonça, E.; Diniz, M. S.
- Oxidative stress and histological changes following exposure to diamond nanoparticles in the freshwater Asian clam Corbicula fluminea (Müller, 1774)Publication . Cid, António; Picado, Ana; Correia, J.B.; Chaves, Rúben; Silva, Héber; Caldeira, Jorge; Matos, A. Alves de; Diniz, M. S.Recently, the scientific community became aware of the potential ability of nanoparticles to cause toxicity in living organisms. Therefore, many of the implications for aquatic ecosystems and its effects on living organisms are still to be evaluated and fully understood. In this study, the toxicity of nanodiamonds (NDs) was assessed in the freshwater bivalve (Corbicula fluminea) following exposure to different nominal concentrations of NDs (0.01, 0.1, 1, and 10 mg l-1) throughout 14 days. The NDs were characterized (gravimetry, pH, zeta potential, electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy) confirming manufacturer information and showing NDs with a size of 4–6 nm. Oxidative stress enzymes activities (glutathione-S-transferase, catalase) and lipid peroxidation were determined. The results show a trend to increase in GST activities after seven days of exposure in bivalves exposed to NDs concentrations (>0.1 mg l-1), while for catalase a significant increase was found in bivalves exposed from 0.01 to 1.0 mg l-1 following an exposure of 14 days. The histological analysis revealed alterations in digestive gland cells, such as vacuolization and thickening. The lipid peroxidation showed a trend to increase for the different tested NDs concentrations which is compatible with the observed cellular damage.
- Estimativa de potenciais técnicos de energia renovável em Portugal: eólico, solar fotovoltaico, solar concentrado, biomassa e oceanosPublication . Simoes, Sofia; Simões, Teresa; Barbosa, Juliana; Rodrigues, Carlos; Azevedo, Pedro; Cardoso, João P.; Facão, Jorge; Costa, Paula Silva; Justino, Paulo Alexandre; Gírio, Francisco; Reis, Alberto; Passarinho, Paula; Duarte, Luís C.; Moura, Patrícia; Abreu, Mariana; Estanqueiro, Ana; Couto, António; Oliveira, Paula; Quental, Lídia; Patinha, Pedro; Catarino, Justina; Picado, AnaExecutive Summary: There is a clear need to accelerate the energy transition, including the implementation of renewable electricity production plants, as well as the increase in consumption of other renewable energy carriers in buildings, industry, transport and other sectors. This work provides key information to make this transition possible, that is, the technical renewable energy potentials for Portugal. The aim is thus to contribute to policy support, as well as to decision-making by various Portuguese stakeholders (public and private) in the domains of energy, energy transition and greenhouse gases emissions mitigation. The work presents the technical renewable energy potentials for Portugal to: (i) decentralized solar photovoltaic (PV) plants in artificialized (or built-up) areas; (ii) centralized solar PV plants in non-artificialized (or natural) areas; (iii) concentrated solar power; (iv) onshore wind; (v) offshore wind (floating and fixed); (vi) bioenergy, and (vii) solar thermal. The wave energy primary energy resource potential is also presented (not the technical potential). The technical potential values of renewable energy sources (RES) presented are dynamic values, given the substantial uncertainty associated with their estimation. The study identifies technical RES potentials i.e., the technically viable energy generation achievable from a specific technology, considering the primary energy resource available and the geographic, environmental and land use limitations. RES economic potentials represent the fraction of RES technical potential that is economically viable, but they are not presented in this work. Likewise, this report does not address market potential, that translate the capacity and energy generation that the market effectively manages to implement. The presented RES technical potentials include the total capacity currently installed in the country. The technical potentials are estimated mostly for mainland Portugal, in most cases with a spatial disaggregation of at least NUT2 and sometimes for NUT5 and/or type of building. Despite adopting an approach based on a territorial analysis in which some areas of the country are excluded, this potential does not correspond to the work done in mapping less-sensitive areas towards future definition of RES “Go-To Areas”. The decentralized solar PV potential in artificialized areas is divided into 6 area types: industrial areas; commercial buildings; residential and mixed-use buildings; villas; health, education, cultural, tourist and military buildings, and other land uses (including parking lots and patios, ports, waste and wastewater treatment infrastructure, sports facilities, among others). It is estimated a technical potential of 23.33 GW that could generate up to 36.84 TWh/year. This potential is distributed throughout the entire territory of mainland Portugal but is higher in the North and Center regions. The RES technical potential for centralized solar PV was estimated as a range of values that translate the uncertainty associated with using different levels of concern in excluding certain areas in which solar PV can be deployed (for example to safeguard ecosystems, water resources, agriculture or archaeological heritage). The centralized solar PV potential varies between 168.82 GW and 45.63 GW. The maximum threshold of installed capacity could generate 278.11 TWh/year of electricity. The value is high and reflects on the one hand, the excellence of the solar resource throughout the country, and on the other, the large size of the considered areas. The CSP potential is 62.6 GW with a corresponding electrical production potential of 183.61 TWh/year. It is mainly located in the Alentejo region, although other areas have also been identified in other regions of the country. The wind onshore technical potential is 15.7 GW, that could generate 37.13 TWh/year, taking into account the safeguarding of various areas for the protection of ecosystems and also social acceptability issues. In the case of offshore wind and considering a capacity density of 4 MW/km2 for floating offshore and 5.5 MW/km2 for fixed offshore, a total of 36 GW and 2 GW are obtained, respectively. This capacity could generate up to 126.14 TWh/year (floating offshore) or 6.31 TWh/year (fixed offshore). The solar thermal energy potential focused residential and service buildings (such as nursing homes, barracks, etc., tourism, hospitals, indoor swimming pools and other sports facilities). The potential is of 0.95 GWt and 0.95 TWh/year for service buildings, 7.26 GWt and 5.84 TWh/year for residential buildings. For industry there is a potential of 1.06 GWt, which could generate up to 1.15 TWh/year for applications up to 160 ºC. The total technical potential of solar thermal is 9.25 GWt and 7.93 TWh/year of thermal energy generated, with a substantial weight of residential buildings in the total value. Potential values are disaggregated by NUTS III and type of building. In terms of biomass and bioenergy potential, annual values of forest biomass, agricultural biomass, agro-industrial waste, urban waste and wastewater treatment are estimated, totaling around 58 TWh/year. Regarding the production of biofuels (HVO and FAME) it is estimated that the annual production of domestic used oils and other similar residues is 1.4 TWh/year. The use of oils from food crops such as soybean, sunflower and rapeseed is limited by European (and national) policy guidelines and is 2.1 TWh/year. Regarding wave energy, the resource potential is estimated between 1.4 GW for 80 m bathymetry and 4.8 for 20 m bathymetry. There are substantial uncertainties associated with the presented values, inherent to the methodological approach considered. Nevertheless, these estimates are a valuable starting point to be refined and improved in subsequent updates.