Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2024-03"
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- Resultados e conclusões do GTAER : Grupo de Trabalho para a definição das Áreas de Aceleração de Energias RenováveisPublication . Simoes, Sofia; Barbosa, Juliana; Oliveira, Paula; Quental, Lídia; Simões, Teresa; Catarino, Justina; Rodrigues, Carlos; Costa, Paula; Patinha, Pedro; Picado, AnaRESUMO: Este documento apresenta os resultados e conclusões do GTAER (Grupo de Trabalho para a definição das áreas de Aceleração de Energias Renováveis) criado pelo Despacho n.º 11912/2023. Uma parte importante do documento foca o objetivo de consolidar e robustecer o trabalho realizado na identificação das áreas com menor sensibilidade para a localização de unidades de produção de eletricidade renovável. Este trabalho desenvolve-se na sequência do trabalho anteriormente realizado pelo grupo de trabalho informal em atividade entre setembro de 2022 e janeiro de 2023 e que foi alvo de atualização pelo LNEG em junho de 2023. São também apresentados elementos no que respeita a: • potencial de implementação de unidades de geração em superfícies artificializadas; • proposta das áreas de aceleração de energias renováveis; • proposta de regras adequadas à implementação dos projetos de energias renováveis nestas áreas e as medidas de mitigação aplicáveis; • proposta de método de disponibilização pública das áreas de aceleração de energias renováveis a designar, bem como a metodologia para a sua revisão e a periodicidade associada.
- Intercomparison of opto-thermal spectral measurements for concentrating solar thermal receiver materials from room temperature up to 800 °CPublication . Caron, Simon; Farchado, Meryem; San Vicente, Gema; Morales, Angel; Ballestrin, Jesus; Carvalho, Maria João; Páscoa, Soraia; Baron, Estelle; Disdier, Angela; Guillot, Emmanuel; Escape, Christophe; Binyamin, Yaniv; Baidossi, Mubeen; Sutter, Florian; Roger, Marc; Manzano-Agugliaro, FranciscoABSTRACT: An intercomparison of opto-thermal spectral measurements has been performed for some relevant receiver materials in concentrating solar thermal applications, from room temperature up to 800 degrees C. Five European laboratories performed spectral measurements at room temperature, while two laboratories performed infrared spectral measurements at operating temperature up to 800 degrees C. Relevant materials include Haynes 230 (oxidized, Pyromark 2500 and industrial black coating) and silicon carbide. Two key figures of merit were analyzed: i) solar absorptance alpha sol at room temperature, over the spectral range [0.3 - 2.5] mu m, ii) thermal emittance epsilon th(T), over the common spectral range [2-14] mu m, derived from spectral measurements performed from room temperature up to 800 degrees C. Oxidized H230 reached an alpha sol value of 90.9 +/- 1.0%. Pyromark 2500 reached an alpha sol value of 96.3 +/- 0.5%, while the industrial black coating achieved an alpha sol value of 97.0 +/- 0.4%. Silicon carbide reached an alpha sol value of 93.5 +/- 1.1%. Low standard deviations in alpha sol indicate reproducible measurements at room temperature. For oxidized H230, the epsilon th,calc(T) value varied from 55% at room temperature up to 81% at 800 degrees C. For Pyromark 2500 and the industrial black coating, epsilon th,calc(T) fluctuated between 90% and 95%, with a weak temperature dependence. For silicon carbide, epsilon th,calc(T) varied from 70% at room temperature up to 86% at 800 degrees C. The typical standard deviation among participating laboratories is about 3%. epsilon th,meas(T) values derived from spectral measurements at operating temperature were consistent within a few percentage points in comparison to epsilon th,calc(T) values derived from spectral measurements at room temperature.
- Historical lime-based flooring mortars from the Church of Santa Maria de Alcobaça monastery (12th century), Portugal: A multi-analytical approachPublication . Carvalho, Fernanda; Nunes, A.; Pagará, A.; Costeira, I.; Silva, Teresa; Lima, M.M.R.A.; Veiga, JPABSTRACT: The Monastery of Alcobaça houses in reserve the ceramic tiles that adorned the floor of the church's apse. These tiles were removed during rehabilitation works and many preserve part of their original fixing mortars. A comprehensive analysis of 21 samples was conducted using a multi-analytical approach (X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy–energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, μ-Raman spectroscopy, thermogravimetry–differential thermal analysis, optical microscopy, and colorimetry). Results suggest compositional variations in the samples from the back and sides of the ceramic tiles; however, the mineralogy and general characteristics of the aggregates remained consistent between the samples and are coherent with the local geology, suggesting a shared historical origin.
- Monitoring Yeast Cultures Grown on Corn Stover Hydrolysate for Lipid ProductionPublication . Fontes, Afonso; Francisco, Ricardo; Ferreira, Frederico Castelo; Faria, Nuno Torres; Marques, Susana; Reis, Alberto; Moura, Patrícia; Lukasik, Rafal M.; Santos, José A. L.; Silva, Teresa Lopes daABSTRACT: Microbial oils can be used as an alternative sustainable and renewable feedstock to fossil reserves for producing lubricants and polyurethane materials. Two oleaginous yeasts were grown on non-detoxified corn stover hydrolysate supplemented with corn steep liquor and mineral medium in shake flasks. Trichosporon oleaginosus DSM 11815 displayed the highest lipid production. This strain was further cultivated in a bench bioreactor, using the same culture medium, under a batch regime. Flow cytometry was used to monitor the T. oleaginosus culture using the dual staining technique (SYBR Green and PI) for cell membrane integrity detection. Values of 42.28% (w/w) and 0.06 g/Lh lipid content and lipid productivity, respectively, were recorded for T. oleaginosus cultivated in the bench bioreactor operated under a batch regime. During the cultivation, most of the yeast cells maintained their integrity. T. oleaginosus has the potential to be used as an oil microbial source for a wide range of industrial applications. In addition, it is robust in adverse conditions such as lignocellulosic hydrolysate exposure and oxygen-limiting conditions. Flow cytometry is a powerful and useful tool for monitoring yeast cultivations on lignocellulosic hydrolysates for cell count, size, granularity, and membrane integrity detection.
- Improving the Energy Performance of Public Buildings in the Mediterranean Climate via a Decision Support ToolPublication . Gouveia, João Pedro; Aelenei, Laura Elena; Aelenei, Daniel; Ourives, Raquel; Bessa, SaloméABSTRACT: Addressing Europe's decarbonisation challenge involves widespread deployment of nearly zero-energy buildings, deep energy renovations and renewable energy integration in the building sector. Enhancing energy efficiency in public buildings necessitates tailored solutions and strategic planning involving Local Public Administration. This work focuses on advancing insights into the application of the PrioritEE Decision Support Tool in Portuguese public buildings, highlighting the energy and financial savings and carbon dioxide emission reduction potential. Using detailed building characterisation data from energy performance certificates, we applied the tool across 22 public buildings of diverse typologies in three distinct regions of Portugal, representing various public entities. Results demonstrate the tool's adaptability, enabling a comprehensive assessment of energy performance and facilitating the exploration of customised energy efficiency and renewable energy solutions. The research emphasises the critical role of user-friendly tools in aiding policymakers and local administration technicians in meeting national renovation targets and contributing to the broader energy transition objectives.
- Método para a determinação da atividade emulsificante de compostos surfactantes e/ou emulsificantes - Patente nacional: PT 117456 (B)Publication . Alves, Luís; Paixão, Susana M.; Tavares, João; Silva, TiagoRESUMO: A presente invenção traduz-se num método expedito para detetar e/ou quantificar a atividade emulsificante de compostos com propriedades surfactantes ou emulsificantes, a saber, detergentes domésticos e industriais, surfactantes sintéticos de uso laboratorial e biosurfactantes e/ou bioemulsificantes, presentes em soluções aquosas. Especificamente, o método compreende a definição de uma nova unidade de emulsificação, sendo esta o volume mínimo de uma solução do composto a testar, que diluído num mililitro de solução aquosa, é capaz de completa emulsificação de um mililitro de uma fase orgânica hidrofóbica.
- An island of coal: the British National Coal Board and their 'Plans for coal' 1947 to 1987Publication . Vernon, RobertABSTRACT: By the end of World War II, the UK coal industry was in slow decline. It was revitalised in 1947, when it was nationalised, as the National Coal Board. The first 'Plan for Coal' and its revision were published in the 1950s. Modernising many collieries achieved an increase in coal production. Geological exploration also identified coal reserves for new deep collieries mainly in concealed measures that surrounded the existing coalfields. The Yom Kuppur war in 1973 highlighted how dependent the UK was on oil and gas from the Middle East. A balanced energy strategy was needed, that included increased coal production. The second 'Plan for Coal' was published in 1974. Geological exploration was concentrated on the concealed coalfields and the Selby mine complex, Yorkshire, was established. 'Plan2000' soon followed in 1978. It envisaged that extra coal production would be required by 2000. Exploration proved considerable coal resources, but by the end of the 1980s the use of coal was in decline and the industry was privatised. The study demonstrates how the 'Plans for Coal' increased our knowledge of coal geology and proved that the UK is indeed an 'Island of Coal.'
- Corrigendum to “Critical raw materials in the global high-throughput ceramic industry” [Sustainable Materials and Technologies 39 (2024) e00832]Publication . Garcia-Ten, Javier; Dondi, Michele; Lisboa, Jose; Cabedo, Monica Vicent; Perez-Villarejo, Luis; Rambaldi, Elisa; Zanelli, ChiaraABSTRACT: The authors regret that an error in the unit of the global output of boron occurred: the correct value is 4.13 million tons per year of borates, corresponding to 2.29 million tons B2O3 in 2018. Thus, the presumable consumption of borates by the ceramic industry (around 250,000 tons per year, B2O3 content) corresponds to 11 ± 1% of the global output of borates. In comparison, estimates from the mining industry (Orocobre 2019 Annual Report; EtiMaden 2022 Boron Report) place the borate demand for the production of ceramic frits at a share of 14%, corresponding to approximately 320,000 tons per year (B2O3 content).
- Advancing participatory energy systems modellingPublication . McGookin, Connor; Süsser, Diana; Xexakis, Georgios; Trutnevyte, Evelina; McDowall, Will; Nikas, Alexandros; Koasidis, Konstantinos; Few, Sheridan; Andersen, Per Dannemand; Demski, Christina; Fortes, Patricia; Simoes, Sofia; Bishop, Christopher; Rogan, Fionn; Ó Gallachóir, BrianABSTRACT: Energy system models are important tools to guide our understanding of current and future carbon dioxide emissions as well as to inform strategies for emissions reduction. These models offer a vital evidence base that increasingly underpins energy and climate policies in many countries. In light of this important role in policy formation, there is growing interest in, and demands for, energy modellers to integrate more diverse perspectives on possible and preferred futures into the modelling process. The main purpose of this is to ensure that the resultant policy decisions are both fairer and better reflect people's concerns and preferences. However, while there has been a focus in the literature on efforts to bring societal dimensions into modelling tools, there remains a limited number of examples of well-structured participatory energy systems modelling processes and no available how-to guidance. This paper addresses this gap by providing good practice guidance for integrating stakeholder and public involvement in energy systems modelling based on the reflections of a diverse range of experts from this emergent field. The framework outlined in this paper offers multiple entry points for modellers to incorporate participatory elements either throughout the process or in individual stages. Recognising the messiness of both fields (energy systems modelling and participatory research), the good practice principles are not comprehensive or set in stone, but rather pose important questions to steer this process. Finally, the reflections on key issues provide a summary of the crucial challenges and important areas for future research in this critical field.
- Episódios sobre o carvão no BrasilPublication . Lopes, Maria MargaretRESUMO: artigo aborda episódios menos considerados na historiografia, inseridos em situações conjunturais específicas e apresentados com um caráter explicativo de ações políticas e não como uma sequência cronológica linear do século XIX à década de 1970. São três episódios centrais: o carvão nos artigos ‘As Riquezas Minerais no Brasil’ publicados no jornal O Auxiliador da Indústria Nacional (1850-1858); as pesquisas do Serviço Geológico e Mineralógico do Brasil – SGMB, sistematizadas no ‘1º Congresso Brasileiro de Carvão’, em 1922; e o carvão como parte de grandes projetos como o REMAC – Reconhecimento Global da Margem Continental Brasileira, da década de 1970. Marcados por continuidades e descontinuidades de políticas, interesses e recursos em diferentes momentos conjunturais, as considerações sobre esses episódios buscam contribuir para um novo episódio a ser escrito sobre as implicações ambientais da exploração carbonífera no país.