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- Admissibility Grid to Support the Decision for the Preferential Routing of Portuguese Endogenous Waste Biomass for the Production of Biogas, Advanced Biofuels, Electricity and HeatPublication . Crujeira, Teresa; Trancoso, Maria Ascensão; Eusebio, Ana; Oliveira, Ana Cristina; Passarinho, Paula; Abreu, Mariana; Marques, Isabel Paula; Marques, Paula; Marques, Susana; Albergaria, Helena; Pinto, Filomena; Costa, Paula; Andre, Rui N.; Girio, Francisco; Moura, PatríciaABSTRACT: A methodology was developed to assess the allocation of different types of endogenous waste biomass to eight technologies for producing electricity, heat, biogas and advanced biofuels. It was based on the identification of key physicochemical parameters for each conversion process and the definition of limit values for each parameter, applied to two different matrices of waste biomass. This enabled the creation of one Admissibility Grid with target values per type of waste biomass and conversion technology, applicable to a decision process in the routing to energy production. The construction of the grid was based on the evaluation of 24 types of waste biomass, corresponding to 48 sets of samples tested, for which a detailed physicochemical characterization and an admissibility assessment were made. The samples were collected from Municipal Solid Waste treatment facilities, sewage sludges, agro-industrial companies, poultry farms, and pulp and paper industries. The conversion technologies and energy products considered were (trans)esterification to fatty acid methyl esters, anaerobic digestion to methane, fermentation to bioethanol, dark fermentation to biohydrogen, combustion to electricity and heat, gasification to syngas, and pyrolysis and hydrothermal liquefaction to bio-oils. The validation of the Admissibility Grid was based on the determination of conversion rates and product yields over 23 case studies that were selected according to the best combinations of waste biomass type versus technological solution and energy product.
- Energia e sustentabilidadePublication . Cabrita, Isabel; Azevedo, Pedro; Crujeira, Teresa; Guerreiro, Isabel
- Materiais para a energia: potencialidades da espectrometria de fluorescência de raios XPublication . Trancoso, Maria Ascensão; Crujeira, TeresaA espectrometria de fluorescência de raios X em dispersão de comprimentos de onda (XDXFR) é uma técnica analítica comparativa que permite uma abordagem expedita, não destrutiva e que apresenta um baixo risco de contaminação. Esta técnica é aplicável a materiais na avaliação de contaminantes visando a identificação da sua origem e na avaliação de conformidade (cumprimentos de especificações). Neste trabalho utilizou-se um espectrómetro WDXRF sequencial AXIOS, equipado com um gerador de 4kW, uma ampola de anti-cádoto de ródio, controlado pelo software SuperQ da PANalylical e apresenta-se e discute-se a metodologia seguida assim como se apresentam as potencialidades identificadas em resultado da utilização desta técnica.
- Analytical protocol for the characterization of solid organic fractions: contribution for the biochemical and thermochemical potential assessment of biomass [Poster]Publication . Trancoso, Maria Ascensão; Crujeira, Teresa; Sousa, R.; Calisto, Sandra C.; Branco, J.; Oliveira, Ana Cristina; Passarinho, Paula; Abreu, Mariana; Moura, Patrícia; Gírio, FranciscoABSTRACT: In the scope of the CONVERTE project an optimised and uniformed methodology was developed in order to better evaluate the use of endogenous biomasses for energy production by biochemical or thermochemical processes. A protocol for preparation and characterization was designed and validated by the use of biomass certified reference materials and quality control actions. Extensive analytical work was performed and the results were summarized in accordance with their relevance for either biochemical or thermochemical processes.
- Guia de implementação de produção ecoeficiente incluindo boas práticas no ambiente interno :sector dos moldes e das ferramentas especiaisPublication . Ribeiro, Catarina; Oliveira, Paula; Sota, Leonor; Gonçalves, Lucinda; Pedrosa, Fátima; Barroca, Paulo; Neves, António Baeta; Crujeira, Teresa; Salema, David; Pereira, Rui; Mendes, Timóteo; Figueiredo, José Manuel [ed.]; Partidário, Paulo Jorge
- Potencialidades da espetrometria de fluorescência de raios x na área da energiaPublication . Crujeira, Teresa; Trancoso, Maria AscensãoRESUMO: A espectrometria de fluorescência de raios X em dispersão de comprimentos de onda (FRX-DCO) é uma técnica analítica comparativa, não destrutiva, que permite uma abordagem expedita para elementos de número atómico entre 9 e 92, que apresenta um baixo risco de contaminação e que é aplicável a diversos tipos de matrizes.
- Avaliação da conformidade do teor em enxofre em gasóleo e biodieselPublication . Crujeira, Teresa; Calisto, Sandra C.; Trancoso, Maria AscensãoRESUMO: Os transportes rodoviários que utilizam combustíveis de origem fóssil são uma das principais fontes de emissão de poluentes para a atmosfera, conduzindo à degradação da qualidade do ar, em particular nos grandes centros urbanos. A necessidade de utilização de combustíveis de origem renovável levou ao desenvolvimento de combustíveis alternativos, que permitem a redução significativa de emissões de CO2, ou a adição de produtos de origem renovável ao gasóleo. No caso dos óxidos de enxofre, a redução dessas emissões tem sido conseguida como resultado da progressiva diminuição do teor máximo de enxofre permitido nos combustíveis rodoviários.
- Streamlining the biodesulfurization process: development of an integrated continuous system prototype using Gordonia alkanivorans strain 1B†Publication . Silva, Tiago; Paixão, Susana M.; Tavares, João; Paradela, Filipe; Crujeira, Teresa; Roseiro, J. Carlos; Alves, LuísABSTRACT: Biodesulfurization is a biotechnological process that uses microorganisms as biocatalysts to actively remove sulfur from fuels. It has the potential to be cleaner and more efficient than the current industrial process, however several bottlenecks have prevented its implementation. Additionally, most works propose models based on direct cultivation on fuel, or batch production of biocatalysts followed by a processing step before application to batch biodesulfurization, which are difficult to replicate at a larger scale. Thus, there is a need for a model that can be adapted to a refining process, where fuel is being continuously produced to meet consumer needs. The main goal of this work was to develop the first bench-scale continuous biodesulfurization system that integrates biocatalyst production, biodesulfurization and fuel separation, into a single continuous process, taking advantage of the method for the continuous production of the biodesulfurization biocatalysts previously established. This system eliminates the need to process the biocatalysts and facilitates fuel separation, while mitigating some of the process bottlenecks. First, using the bacterium Gordonia alkanivorans strain 1B, continuous culture conditions were optimized to double biocatalyst production, and the produced biocatalysts were applied in batch biphasic biodesulfurization assays for a better understanding of the influence of different factors. Then, the novel integrated system was developed and evaluated using a model fuel (n-heptane + dibenzothiophene) in continuous biodesulfurization assays. With this system strain 1B surpassed its highest biodesulfurization rate, reaching 21 μmol h−1 g−1. Furthermore, by testing a recalcitrant model fuel, composed of n-heptane with dibenzothiophene and three alkylated derivatives (with 109 ppm of sulfur), 72% biodesulfurization was achieved by repeatedly passing the same fuel through the system, maintaining a constant response throughout sequential biodesulfurization cycles. Lastly, the system was also tested with real fuels (used tire/plastic pyrolysis oil; sweet and sour crude oils), revealing increased desulfurization activity. These results highlight the potential of the continuous biodesulfurization system to accelerate the transition from bench to commercial scale, contributing to the development of biodesulfurization biorefineries, centered on the valorization of sulfur-rich residues/biomasses for energy production.
- The role of automated sorting in the recovery of aluminium alloys wastePublication . Nogueira, Carlos; Trancoso, Maria Ascensão; Pedrosa, Fátima; Crujeira, Teresa; Oliveira, Paula; Gonçalves, Ana Maria; Margarido, F.; Santos, R. Novais; Durão, F.; Guimarães, C.A large number of aluminium alloys with varying alloying elements are present in vehicle structures and components, as well as in other household equipment. The recycling of these alloys is nowadays processed to low quality metal products due to high level of contamination, hindering the upgrading of recycling rates. The development and application of automated sorting technologies capable to detect, select and separate different alloy types could be of crucial importance in the progression of the recycling loop. This paper addresses the importance of sorting based on a study on the characterization of Al alloys in non-ferrous fraction of shredder plants.
- PCDD/F formation in the co-combustion with biomass and coal: the influence of chlorine, copper, calcium and sulphurPublication . Crujeira, Teresa; Moreira, Luís; Cabrita, Isabel; Gulyurtlu, IbrahimThe reduction of CO2 emissions is the primary goal of partially replacing coal with Renewable Energy Sources (RES) of biomass origin, accompanied with the reduction of emissions of other pollutants. At the same time, there are advantages in mixing this particular resource - solid biomass - with coal, due to positive synergies arising from the introduction of different amounts of volatile matter, ash, sulphur, calcium, chlorine, and heavy metals. The option for the co-combustion with biomass with coal using fluidised bed technology could contribute to the fulfilment of the EU objectives in terms of environmental protection and sustainable energy production.